UNIVERSIDAD DE SONORA CAMPUS NOGALES ENGLISH 4 COPIES THE TEACHER LIC. LUIS ALEJANDRO BASURTO ALVAREZ IDIOMS DON'T GIVE UP THE DAY JOB Explicación del Modismo YOU ARE NOT VERY GOOD AT THAT. YOU COULD DEFINITELY NOT DO IT PROFESSIONALLY. Ejemplo del Modismo en Inglés #1 "I REALLY LIKE THE WAY YOU SING BUT DON'T GIVE UP YOUR DAY JOB." A CASH COW Explicación del Modismo AN EASY WAY TO EARN MONEY REGULARLY. Ejemplo del Modismo "INCOME TAX IS A REAL CASH COW FOR THE GOVERNMENT." BITE OFF MORE THAN YOU CAN CHEW Explicación del Modismo TRYING TO DO SOMETHING THAT IS TOO DIFFICULT OR TIME CONSUMING TO FINISH. Ejemplo del Modismo e "I'M GLAD YOU WANT TO PREPARE THE REPORT BY YOURSELF. JUST BE SURE THAT YOU DON'T BITE OFF MORE THAN YOU CAN CHEW." CLEAR THE AIR Explicación del Modismo DISCUSS SOMETHING THAT WAS CAUSING PEOPLE TO FEEL UPSET. Ejemplo del Modismo "THERE SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN A MISUNDERSTANDING. I'D LIKE TO EXPLAIN WHAT HAPPENED, JUST TO CLEAR THE AIR." TURN YOUR BACK ON Explicación del Modismo GIVE UP ON, OR ABANDON. Ejemplo del Modismo "I NEED YOUR HELP BUT YOU JUST TURNED YOUR BACK ON ME." NOT CUT OUT FOR Explicación del Modismo NOT SUITABLE FOR SOMETHING. Ejemplo del Modismo "HE TRIED MOUNTAIN CLIMBING BUT HE SIMPLY WAS NOT CUT OUT FOR IT." SCRAPE THE BOTTOM OF THE BARREL Explicación del Modismo THE VERY LAST, OR THE VERY WORST. Ejemplo del Modismo "THESE ARE THE LAST VOLUNTEERS WE COULD FIND. WE REALLY HAD TO SCRAPE THE BOTTOM OF THE BARREL TO FIND THEM." A CLASS ACT Explicación del Modismo SOPHISTICATED, ABOVE AVERAGE. Ejemplo del Modismo "HE OFFERED TO HELP, EVEN THOUGH HE DOESN'T KNOW ME. HE'S A REAL CLASS ACT." CLEAN UP YOUR ACT Explicación del Modismo IMPROVE YOUR BEHAVIOR. Ejemplo del Modismo "IF YOU ARE EVER GOING TO IMPROVE YOUR ENGLISH SKILLS, YOU MUST START GETTING TO CLASS ON TIME AND DOING YOUR HOMEWORK. WHY DON'T YOU CLEAN UP YOUR ACT?" BURGUER KING What started with one restaurant in Miami in 1954 has grown to 11,350 restaurants in 58 countries worldwide. And we're still growing. We'd love to share with you our past, our present and where we're heading in the future. Whether you're looking for franchise and career information, recent news about BURGER KING®, or simply just contact information, you've found the right place. The Burger King Corporation uses over 50 years of experience as it moves proudly into the future. As a brand, our company has never been stronger. Whether it's our Executive Team or each individual employee across thousands of locations, we strive to serve our customers consistently. After all, we take Pride in serving our Guests the Best Burgers and a variety of other Great Tasting, Healthy Foods Cooked over an Open Fire. That's what we're all International Restaurant Locations ASIA/PACIFIC Australia (289) Guam (6) Japan (11) Republic Korea (118) Malaysia (13) New Zealand (63) Philippines (35) Singapore (45) Taiwan (21) Thailand (15) CANADA (368) LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN Argentina (25) Bahamas (4) Bolivia (6) Cayman Island (3) Chile (23) Costa Rica (26) Dominican Republic (28) Ecuador (13) El Salvador (21) Guatemala (27) Honduras (21) Jamaica (16) Mexico (167) Netherland Antilles (7) Nicaragua (2) Panama (11) Paraguay (4) Peru (13) Puerto Rico (162) Uruguay (2) Venezuela (19) EUROPE/MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA Austria (15) Bahrain (5) Cyprus (1) Denmark (9) Germany (388) Gibraltar (2) Hungary (14) Republic of Ireland (19) Israel (46) Italy (31) Jordan (4) Kuwait (44) Malta (3) Netherlands (30) Norway (23) Portugal (9) Qatar (4) Saudi Arabia (35) Spain (289) Sweden (47) Switzerland (3) The United Kingdom (662) Turkey (100) United Arab Emirates (16 EL PRESENTE PERFECTO El tiempo presente perfecto que es “HAVE Y HAS” se utiliza con algún verbo en PARTICIPIO SI NO HA PARTICIPIO, EN PASADO COMO TODOS LOS VERBOS REGULARES, PERO LOS IRREGULARES LA MAYORIA TIENEN PARTICIPIO. I, YOU, THEY, WE ( HAVE ) (HAVEN’T) HE, SHE, IT (HAS) (HASN’T) EJEMPLO: I HAVE MAILED THE GIFT, JACK HAS MAILED THE GIFT THIS IS A REAMINDER REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS Los verbos regulares y irregulars, para formar su pasado, tienen siertas reglas, los regulares, se agrega “ED” o “D” al final de la palabra; pero los irregulars, NO es decir cambian totalmente su forma. Si la palabra contienen la ultima letra que se “E”, solo se agrega “D”, pero si no tiene tal letra se agrega “ED” y a los verbos que terminan en “Y” se quita la “Y” y se agrega “IED” Para la pronunciación de la terminación “ED” hay 3 Reglas 1.- si la palabra termina en “D” o “T” la terminación “ED” se pronuncia como una silaba más. ejemplo visit visited pronunciation visited wait waited want wanted need needed 2.- si la palabra termina con sonido de “C, CH, F, K, P, S, SH, X” la terminación “ED” se pronuncia como “T”, incorporando el sonido de la “T” en la pronunciación de la ultima sílaba, o cuando el verbo conste de una sola sílaba en esta misma.. Ejemplo: Ask ---- asked pronunciation askt like ---- liked pronunciation likt Look ---- looked lookt talk ---- talked talkt 3.- en todos los demás casos, la terminación “ED” se pronuncia, haciendo muda la “E” ejemplo call ---- called pronunciation cald clean ----- cleaned cleand SOME REGULAR VERBS Administrate answer appreciate Arrive ask attend Attract beg believe Belong board boil Bother broil build Cable call carry Change chat claim Clean climb close Collect compete complete Confirm consider continue Constitute contradict cook Copy invite introduce Inspect import hurry Hope help happen Guess greet furnish Fry flatter finish Fill fasten extend Expect excuse exchange Examine entertain enter Enjoy employ eliminate Effect dress dream Discuss die demand Decorate declare decide Deal cross join Provide land pull learn reach like Receive list recommend Live reduce look Register love mail Regulate manufacture mark Relax remember mention Rent miss represent Move require reserve Return note obtain Sail open save Order separate overlook Serve share shave Shoot owe pack Paint park show Sign perform pick Plan play smell Smoke spread snow Prefer start stop Present stay study Prepare print suggest Process supply produce Suppose promise surprise Prove sweep vote Wait talk thank Tip walk want Waste toss watch Touch travel weep Weigh welcome wish Work worry wrap Treat try turn Type unpack use visit IRREGULAR VERBS VERBOS IRREGULARES Son los que cambian totalmente su forma. No hay regla especifica, hay que aprenderlos. Algunos Verbos Irregulares: PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO Be Was, Were BEEN Beat beat BEATEN Become became BECOME Begin began BEGUN Break broke BROKEN Blow Blew BLOWN Bring brought BROUGHT Buy bought BOUGHT Can could --------------- Catch caught CAUGHT Choose chose CHOSEN Come came COME Cost cost COST Cut cut CUT Dig dug, digged DUG Do did DONE Drink drank DRUNK Drive drove DRIVEN Eat ate EATEN Fall fell FALLEN Feed fed FED Feel felt FELT Fight fought FOUGHT Fly flew FLOWN Forget forgot FORGOTTEN Go went GONE Go back went back GONE BACK Freeze froze FROZEN Get got GOTTEN Get up got up GOTTEN UP Give gave GIVEN Grow grew GROWN Hang hung HUNG Have had HAD Hear heard HEARD Hit hit HIT Hold held HELD Hurt hurt HURT Keep kept KEPT Know knew KNOWN Lay laid LAID Lead led LED Leap lept, leaped LEAPT Leave left LEFT Lend lent LENT Let let LET Lie lay LAIN Lose lost LOST Make made MADE Sale, for sale sold SOLD May might --------- Mean meant MEANT Meet met MET Must ---------- ---------- Ought ought ----------- Pay paid PAID Put put PUT Read read READ Put on put on PUT ON Ride rodE RIDDEN Ring rang RUNG Rise rose RISEN Run ran RUN Say said SAID See saw SEEN Sell sold SOLD Send sent SENT Set set SET Sew sewed SEWN Shake shook SHAKEN Shall should ------------ Shine shone SHONE Sing sung, sang SUNG Shrink shrank, shrunk SHRUNKEN Sink sunk SUNK Sit sat SAT Sleep slept SLEPT Speak spoke SPOKEN Spend spent SPENT Stand stood STOOD Steal stole STOLEN Swim swam SWUM Swing swung SWUNG Take took TAKEN Teach taught TAUGHT Tear tore TORN Tell told TOLD Think thought THOUGHT Understand understood UNDRESTOOD Wake woke, waked WAKED Wet wet WET Wear wore WORN Will would --------- Win won WON Write wrote WRITTEN EJERCICIO : USA EL VERBO CORRESPONDIENTE Y EL VERBO HAVE O HAS 1.- I _____ _______ THE TOWN IMURIS ( VISIT ) 2.- SHE ______ _______ THE MOVIES YESTERDAY ( SEE ) 3.- _______ I ______ SICK ? ( WAS, WERE ) 4.- THEY _____ _____ TO THE U.S. ( WAS, WERE ) 5.- WE _____ ______ TO THE PRESIDENT ( SPEAK) 6.- HE ______ ______ LIVING HERE FOR FIVE YEARS (WAS, WERE) 7.- THEY _____ JUST ________ (GO) EJERCICIO 2 : COMPLETA LO QUE FALTA 1.- PAUL AND BERRY ______ ________ SPANISH SINCE 3 WEEKS. 2.- SALMA AND SOFIA ______ SEEN A MOVIE 3.- MICHAEL AND ROBERT __________ ________ IN BRITAIN SINCE MARCH 4,.- VERONICA ________ (NEG) _________ TO HER PARENTS 5.- MADONNA _______ _______ IN LONDON FOR 2 YEARS 6.- BRAD PITT ________ (NEG) ________ A MUSEUM 7.- RAUL AND SERGIO _______ _______ ON THEIR CAR 8.- LUZ ELENA AND MARIBEL ________ (NEG) ________ THEIR HAIR 9.- WHAT ______ BEN AND JENIFER ___________ IN BEVERLY HILLS? 10.- WHERE ______ CRISTINA AGUILERA _______ HER HIT FIGHTER 11.- _______ (NEG) YOU AND FERNANDO _________ BASKETBALL? 1.- Coloca una “R” si el verbo es Regular. Coloca una “I” si el verbo es Irregular _____Add ____ deal ____ was, were ___begin ____help _____cut ____change ____cook ____bring ___cost ___love ____come ____call ____put ____mail ____get ____copy ___sing II.- Pon en presente los siguientes verbos. __________wet __________worked _______paid _______set _______played _______blew ______wanted _____gave ______did _______opened _____lived III.- 3.- Pon los siguientes verbos en pasado. __________agree ______call ______ chat _______become _______catch _______leap _______ride _______lose ________sleep _________wish V.- Usa WAS o WERE. we ______ very depressed last Monday. The weather _____ terrible. It ______ cold and Foggy. My wife _____ sick, and the neighbor _____ angry because my children _____ Noisy VI.- Usa Was, Were, Wasn’t, Weren’t. A) _____ Jennifer at school yesterday? B) No, she ___________. she __________ sick. A) Why ___________ Jane and Betty upset? B) They ___________ upset because the weather __________ good. A) Where __________ you and Lois last night? We called you, but you ___________ at home. B) We ____________ at the movies. A) and you ________ at the hotel, No We _______, We ________ with my friend at a party B) oh! That’s great, but my brother ________ looking for you. A) tell him sorry, but we _________ busy. And He ________ ( NEG) at home when We call, then We call my friend Lucas and he ______ there, later we went to see a movie that _______ fun, (neg) We decide to go eat, and the apples _______ delicious. Lucas _______ (neg) very hungry, and I ate all of the food. I.- Usa Do - Does - Is - Are Ejemplo: What does Walter usually do on Sunday? A) Where _______ Boby studying? B) When _______ Mary and Walter usually go to the bank? C) Why ________ Barbara shivering? D) ______________ Bill usually wash the dishes ? E) _________ Jack and Judy cooking dinner today? F) Do they have any pets? Yes, they ___ 4.- EL VERBO “TO BE” EN PASADO MAS EL PASADO PARTICIPIO. Ej..- I wrote these answers These answers were written by me. 1.- the school cheerleader hit me. I __________ _____________ by the cheerleader 2.- the movie matrix beat x-men x-men _________ ____________ by the matrix 3.- Leonardo sees often Jennifer Pok. Jennifer _______ ________ often with Leonardo 4.- my wife beats him all day he ________ _____________ by his wife 5.- the news article surprises me. I __________ _____________ by the news article 6.- the story fascinates Kim. Kim _________ ____________ by the story 7.- Mary helps me often. I _______ often ___________ by Mary 8.- The client ordered a package. A package _______ ____________ by the client 9.- My sister bought these shirts. These shirts ________ ___________ by my sister The Wal-Mart Story "We're all working together; that's the secret. And we'll lower the cost of living for everyone, not just in America, but we'll give the world an opportunity to see what it's like to save and have a better lifestyle, a better life for all. We're proud of what we've accomplished; we've just begun." - Sam Walton (1918-1992) Sam Walton's dream was simple: Give people high value, low prices and a warm welcome. That dream was realized in 1962 with the opening of the first Wal-Mart. Today, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., employs more than 1.2 million associates worldwide. The company has more than 3,000 stores and offices across the United States and more than 1,000 stores internationally. It has also expanded online with Walmart.com, which is dedicated to bringing Sam Walton's dream to the Internet. If you ask customers why they return to Wal-Mart again and again, chances are they'll say it's because of more than just the great prices and appealing selection. It's also because of the people, starting with the friendly greeters at the front of every store. Prompt, friendly service is a serious matter at Wal-Mart. This commitment to people means that we also take seriously our responsibilities as a corporate neighbor. Local Wal-Mart stores have made a difference in their communities by: • Underwriting college scholarships for high school seniors. • Raising funds for local children's hospitals via the Children's Miracle Network Telethon. • Educating the public about recycling and other environmental concerns via a "Green Coordinator," a specially trained associate who coordinates efforts to make each store environmentally responsible. • Sponsoring a Community Matching Grant program, which involves fund-raising efforts by a nonprofit organization with the participation of Wal-Mart associates. A lot has changed since the first Wal-Mart opened, but we continue every day to bring you the highest value at the lowest prices. And you'll always be greeted with a warm welcome, whether you walk through the door of your local Wal-Mart store or turn on your computer to visit us at Walmart.com. Wal-Mart International Operations Wal-Mart became an international company in 1991 when a SAM'S CLUB opened near Mexico City. Just two years later, the Wal-Mart International Division was created to oversee growing opportunities worldwide. Today, customers at more than 1,300 units in nine countries prove that Wal-Mart's Every Day Low Price promise is a message clearly understood in any language. The division currently operates stores and clubs employing more than 300,000 associates in the following countries: Argentina Brazil Canada China Germany Japan Korea Mexico Puerto Rico United Kingdom Development opportunities. Wal-Mart has experienced success internationally because of its ability to transport the company's unique culture and effective retailing concepts to each new country. Associates get involved in the local communities and adapt to local cultures. They respond to customer needs, merchandise preferences and local suppliers. By serving each hometown in its own unique way, Wal-Mart International has realized significant growth with potential for much greater development worldwide. Wal-Mart International has achieved global expansion through a combination of new store construction and acquisitions. This strategy has given the company excellent market penetration and positioned it for future development. The company sees its development throughout North America, Latin America, Asia and Europe as a good beginning with many promising areas for further expansion. Financial results. The division has posted impressive financial results. Fiscal 2003 sales reached $40.7 billion, a 15 percent increase over the previous year, and operating profit rose to $2.03 billion, an increase of 55.8 percent. Expansion plans. This year, Wal-Mart International plans to open 120 to 130 units in existing markets. The announced units include two restaurant formats, specialty apparel retail stores and supermarkets in Mexico. Sony Corporation of America Sony Corporation of America, based in New York City, is the U.S. subsidiary of Sony Corporation, headquartered in Tokyo. Sony is a leading manufacturer of audio, video, communications, and information technology products for the consumer and professional markets. Its music, motion picture, television, computer entertainment, and online businesses make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sony's principal U.S. businesses include Sony Electronics Inc., Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment Inc., and Sony Computer Entertainment America Inc. Sony recorded consolidated annual sales of over $62.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2003, and it employs 161,100 people worldwide. Sony's consolidated sales in the U.S. for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2003, was $20 billion. UNDERLINE THE CORRRECT ANSWER Since I first ___________ him, I have never noticed anything rude in his behavior. a) meet b) met c) have meet d) have met e) am meeting f) has meet The concert was wonderful; I wish you __________ a) coming b) to have come c) had come d) came e) come f) to come My dad _______ not _________ our telephone bill. a) had – pay b) have - pay c) had – paid d) have – paid e) having - pay I am very happy to ___________ your invitation. a) except b) accept c) axept d) accepted e) excepted f) acept Have you ________ about the _________ news ? a) hear – last b) heard – next c) hear – next d) heards – last e) heard - last USE Have o Has WITH THE CORRECT PAST PARTICIPLE. a) ______ you ever _________ a big horse ? b) ______ Jowana ever _______ late for an important appointment? c) _______ the Lakers ever _______ their championship ? d) ________ Aracely Arambula ever _______ in Nogales ? e) ________ they ever ________ a house on fire ? f) __________ the x-men ever _______ where they parked their plane? READ THIS NEWSPAPAER AND COMPLETE WITH THE VERBS. HAD LIFTED RAN RENTED SAID SAW SPENT SWAM WAS A group of tourists on a tour of the Grand Canyon ___________ a free helicopter ride on a recent vacation. The group ___________ a boat for a ride through the canyon, but the boat _________ into a rook and sank. The tourists _________ to the shore and ___________ the night in a cave. The next morning, a rescue team in a helicopter ___________ them and __________ them out of the canyon. It _________ the best part of the tour _________ all the tourists. 3.- I let her __________ what she likes. a) to do b) to did c) do d) doing e) done 4.- I _________ him for years a) known b) have known c) knew d) am knowing 5.- He _________ a new garage door. a) make b) made c) bad c) is made d) is bad e) has made 6.- I don’t know where ___________ a) he bought his hat b) did he buy his hat c) his hat he bought d) bought he his hat e) he has his bought hat 7.- I wish __________ him more often a) us b) seeing c) us seeing d) we are seeing e) we saw f) saw g) we see 8.- They should have _________ earlier. a) begin b) began c) begun d) had begun e) have begun f) begans 9.- it’s high time you _______ a) answer b) will answer c) going to d) answered e) have answered 10.- What must be ___________ in order to get the contract ? a) doing b) to do c) done d) have done e) has done f) doing to 11.- I haven’t ___________ at a restaurant all month. a) eating b) eaten c) ate d) eat 12.- When I got home yesterday, my children __________ already finished their homework a) have b) has c) were d) was e) had 13.- Does Wonder Woman ________ to drive downtown ? a) to like b) like c) avoid d) enjoy e) likes 14.- Why didn’t you _________ in the church last Sunday? a) sing b) sang c) sung 15.- I have already __________ twenty invitations. a) writing b) written c) wrote d) write 16.- When you’re learning ___________, you have to keep on __________ a) to skate - to practice b) skate - practice c) skating - practicing d) to skate – practicing e) skate – to practice f) skating practice 17.- When I saw Ricky Martin last night, he ___________singing his songs a) was b) has been c) have been d) had to e) have to 18.- Chayanne __________ been studying French for two years before he ever spoke it a) had b) has c) was d) have e) were f) hadn’t g) haven’t 19.- I’m glad you __________ painting pictures. a) enjoy b) decided c) learned 20.- Spiderman _________ skiing since he was ten years old. a) has been b) have been c) had been d) hadn’t been 21.- He ________ a check, but he _______ sign _______ name. a) send – did – her b) send – don’t – his c) sent – did – he d) sent – didn’t – his 22.- How many languages _______ Gael Garcia ______? Do you _______? a) does – speak – know b) does – speaks – know c) do – speak - knows c) does – speaks – knows d) do – speak - know Choose the correct answer I.- I have got to take in my suit a) It’s to big b) It’s too small c) It’s too hot II.- You’re required to go to the meeting a) you might go to the meeting b) You don’t have to go to the meeting c) you have to go to the meeting III.- Liz ran up a big phone bill a) she talked on the telephone a lot b) she didn’t use her cell phone. C) the phone company gave her a phone IV.- Ms. Johnson was promoted. A) she was hired b) she was fired c) she was given a more important job V.- Parking is permitted here. A) you can’t park here b) you can park here c) you have to park here translate Heartburn ___________ nosebleeds _________ hiccups _____________ Rashes ____________ sprains ____________ yeast ____________ chocking _______ 1.- A. Is your daughter studying? B. No, she ______ a) doesn’t b) isn’t c) sleeping d) wasn’t 2.- A. What languages does your mother speak? B. She _______ English and Spanish a) speak b) speaking c) read d) speaks 3.- A. When do you see Bob and Julie? B. I see _____ every day a) them b) they’re c) her d) they 4.- A. Can you ski? B. No, _______ a) we can b) I can c) I can’t d) you can’t 5.- A. Can you go to the movies with us? B. I’m sorry. I ______ to work a) can b) have c) going d) can’t 6.- A. _______ is the meeting? B. It’s at 10:00 a) What b) Where c) Where d) When 7.- A. What’s your ______ name? B. His name is Walter a) nephew b) uncle’s c) aunt’s d) niece’s 8.- A Do your neighbors make a lot of noise? B. No, they ________ a) do b) don’t c) won’t d) doesn’t 9.- Is that ________ new car? a) Mr. Wilson b) of Mr. Wilson c) Mr. Wilsons d) Mr. Wilson’s 10.- My daughter _____ a red bicycle a) is b) has c) ride d) have 11.- Why are they ________ their apartment today? a) clean b) vacuum c) cleaned d) cleaning 12.- Bob can _______ soccer today a) playing b) play c) plays d) played 13.- _________ there a laundromat near here? a) Is b) Are c) Do d) Does 14.- When ______ to work? a) you go b) go you c) you do go d) do you go 15.- She _________ busy now. a) isn’t b) aren’t c) doesn’t d) don’t be 16.- These _______ are heavy. a) glass b) chair c) books d) box 17.- What does Frank _________ on Friday? a) does b) go c) doesn’t d) do 18.- _______ Pamela eat at that restaurant? a) Does b) Is c) When d) Where 19.- Jim and _______ brother like music very much. a) him b) he c) his d) your e) yours 20.- Please tell _______ what he want to know a) her b) she c) he d) his e) him GET YOUR ACT TOGETHER Explicación del Modismo GET MORE ORGANIZED. Ejemplo del Modismo "YOU HAVE BEEN LATE FOR WORK EVERY DAY THIS WEEK. IF YOU WANT TO KEEP THIS JOB, YOU MUST GET YOUR ACT TOGETHER." A PIECE OF THE ACTION Explicación del Modismo PARTICIPATION IN AN ACTIVITY. OFTEN RELATED TO GAMBLING OR BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS. Ejemplo del Modismo "I HEARD THAT YOU ARE LOOKING FOR PARTNERS IN YOUR NEW INVESTMENT. IF YOU DON'T MIND, I WOULD LIKE TO GET IN ON A PIECE OF THE ACTION." GO APE Explicación del Modismo GO CRAZY. Ejemplo del Modismo "JACK WAS REALLY ANGRY. I THOUGHT HE WAS GOING TO GO APE." A GREY AREA Explicación del Modismo SOMETHING THAT IS DIFFICULT TO DEFINE. Ejemplo del Modismo I RESEARCHED YOUR CASE BUT THERE ARE NOT ANY BLACK AND WHITE ANSWERS. YOUR SITUATION SEEMS TO FALL INTO A GREY AREA." UP IN ARMS Explicación del Modismo ANGRY. Ejemplo del Modismo "THE CROWD WAS AGITATED. EVERYONE WAS UP IN ARMS OVER THE GOVERNMENT DECISION." BE GLAD TO SEE THE BACK OF Explicación del Modismo BE HAPPY WHEN A PERSON LEAVES. Ejemplo del Modismo THAT GUY BOTHERS ME. I'll BE GLAD TO SEE THE BACK OF HIM." GIVE HIM CREDIT Explicación del Modismo ACKNOWLEDGE AN ACHIEVEMENT OR CONTRIBUTION OF A PERSON." Ejemplo del Modismo "ALTHOUGH HE IS NOT EASY TO WORK FOR, YOU HAVE TO GIVE HIM CREDIT FOR MANAGING THE COMPANY WELL." EAGER BEAVER Explicación del Modismo ENTHUSIASTIC PERSON. Ejemplo del Modismo "JOHN DID ALL OF HIS HOMEWORK BEFORE SUPPER. HE SURE IS AN EAGER BEAVER." SCRATCH THE SURFACE Explicación del Modismo EXAMINE ONLY A PART OF SOMETHING. UNCOVER ONLY A FEW FACTS ABOUT SOMETHING. Ejemplo del Modismo "CANCER RESEARCH IS A VERY LONG-TERM PROCESS. SO FAR, WE HAVE JUST BEGUN TO SCRATCH THE SURFACE." GIVE HIM THE SLIP Explicación del Modismo LEAVE HIM. HIDE FROM HIM. Ejemplo del Modismo "I THINK THAT MAN IS FOLLOWING US. LET'S GIVE HIM THE SLIP." GET THE BALL ROLLING Explicación del Modismo START SOMETHING. Ejemplo del Modismo "ALL RIGHT EVERYONE, WE SPENT A LOT OF TIME PLANNING THIS PROJECT. NOW, IT'S TIME TO GET THE BALL ROLLING." JUMP ON THE BANDWAGON Explicación del Modismo JOIN A POPULAR TREND OR ACTIVITY. Ejemplo del Modismo "I LIKE THAT NEW PROCEDURE AND I'VE DECIDED TO JUMP ON THE BANDWAGON." KEEP SOMETHING AT BAY Explicación del Modismo KEEP SOMETHING AWAY. Ejemplo del Modismo e "SARAH FOUND IT DIFFICULT TO KEEP THE SALESPERSON AT BAY." SPILL THE BEANS Explicación del Modismo TELL A SECRET. Ejemplo del Modismo "I WON'T BE THE ONE TO SPILL THE BEANS." FLESH AND BLOOD Explicación del Modismo A RELATIVE. Ejemplo del Modismo "I MUST HELP HIM. AFTER ALL, HE'S MY OWN FLESH AND BLOOD." FIT THE BILL Explicación del Modismo SEEMS CORRECT. Ejemplo del Modismo "THAT SEEMS TO FIT THE BILL. I'LL TAKE IT." BLACK AND BLUE Explicación del Modismo BRUISED. Ejemplo del Modismo "HE WAS BEATEN UNTIL HE WAS BLACK AND BLUE." Law English 1.- Betraying your country to a foreign power a) Espionage b) treason c) exertion d) betrayance 2.- You must know that you are___________ when you part on the pavement z) forgetting the law x) omitting the law c) breaking the law d) following the law 4.- Their are rumors of a takeover, but they are still_____________ a) in confirmed b) unconfirmed c) confirmed d) incomfirmed 6.- Relating to a company a) corporate b) companion c) companion d) accompany 7.- The place where a trial is held a) court b) trial place c) fairy d) judgment 9.- The prisoner ____________ guilty to all chargers a) said he was b) pleaded c) confessed d) told he was 10.- Two of the men were sent to prison, but the judge____________ the third a) pardon b) acquitted c) left d) pleaded 11- He says he’s innocent and he’s going to ____________ to the supreme court against the decision. A) talk b) appeal c) commit d) complain 14.- They are accused of _____________ a security van and stealing 4500 a) hold up b) holding in c) holding up d) helding in 15.- I´m afraid that this court is not ___________ to deal with this matter. You will have to go to a higher court a) sufficient b) competent c) important d) superior 16.- This tribunal will now _____________ until tomorrow at ten a.m. a) wait b) adjourn c) stay d) prorogue 18.- According to the terms of the contract if the _______ doesn’t pay the rent for 2 months he can be evicted a) tenant b) neighbor c) person d) guy 20.- The judge ________ the driver from all responsibility for the accident a) pardoned b) forgiven c) forgave d) exonerated 21.- I can __________ Mr. Waterman’s alibi. At the time of the theft I saw him in Brighton a) find b) corroborate c) derogate d) change 22.- The crisis happened during the summer __________ and parliament had to be recalled a) vacancy b) recess c) break d) holiday 23.- A government _________ revealed that discussions had been concluded on the treaty n) spokesman j) spokerman k) speakman t) speakerman 25.- Going through a ceremony of marriage when you are still married to someone else 26.- Find the mistake (if any and correct it): He was awared $100.000 to compensate of the danages causes by the mamfactured. EJERCICIO 3 : CON ESTAS FRASES HACER ORACIONES COMPLETAS. 1.- HAVE BOUGHT SOME CLOTHES 2.- HAVE READ SOME BOOKS ABOUT SPAIN 3.- HAS BEEN TO CANADIAN EMBASSY 4.- HASN’T PUT THE CAR IN A GARAGE 5.- HAVEN’T BOUGHT THEIR TICKETS 6.- HAVE GIVEN THE KEYS TO MR. JORDAN 1.- ________________________________________________________________________ 2.- __________________________________________________________________ 3.- __________________________________________________________________ 4.- __________________________________________________________________ EJERCICIO 4 : ACOMPLETA CON LAS PALABRAS HAS, HAVE, O DID 1.- _________ YOU EVER SEEN STAR WARS ? 2.- YES, I ________ 3.- _________ YOU LIKE IT ? 4.- YES, I ______ 5.- ________ JOHN FINISHED HIS HOMEWORK YET ? 6.- NO HE, _______ NOT. HE IS STILL DOING IT. 7.- _______ HE GO TO CLASS YESTERDAY ? 8.- YES, HE _______ EJERCICIO 5.- USA LAS PALABRAS HAS Y HAVE, CON LAS 3 PALABRAS DE CADA SECCION EN EL TIEMPO CORRESPONDIENTE WRITE BREAK EAT 1.- ALLEN AND DIKEMBE _______ ________ ALL THE SANDWISHES (PARTICIPIO) 2.- HE ______ TO ______ TWO LETTERS THIS EVENING (PRESENTE) 3.- I ______ _______ THE PLATE ( PARTICIPIO) READ SPEND FIND 1.- JOHN _________ _______ THE MONEY HE LOST ( PASADO) 2.- THEY ______ ___________ 10,000 ALREADY (PARTICIPIO) 3.- ______ YOU _______ THIS BOOK? ( PRESENTE) WIN TAKE SEE 1.- I _____ _______ 5 TELEVISION PROGRAMS THIS WEEK (PARTICIPIO) 2.- SHE ______ _______ HER SON TO SCHOOL ( PARTICIPIO) 3.- THEY ______ ______ A MILLION IN THE LOTTERRY ( PASADO). EJERCICIO: IN PAST TENSE A) I ________ UP AT 7:00 AM B) SHE _________ LATE C) THEY _____ WORK D) THE TEAM ______ THE CHAMPIONCHIP E) GEORGE LUCKAS ______ THE SAGA OF STAR WARS F) MICHAEL JORDAN _______ TE GREATEST PLAYER IN NBA HISTORY G) THE STUDENT ______ HOMEWORK H) THE MOVIE _____ FUN I) THALIA ________ HER ALBUN LAST NIGHT J) I _______ MY LEG K) WE _______ THE FOOD L) ANTONIO AND MELANY ______ THEIR CLOTHES Before I ______ my room. Last week the weather ____ warm, and the people _____ to work, they _____ always noisy. ______ Mary gone to the mall?, yes she _______, she _______ (NEG) bought something. Fred and Tom _______ their house yesterday ?, Fred _____ has a good book Why ______ you and Martha gone to eat?, because we ______ the train, and I don’t want to be late. when I _______ at the party, they _______ dancing. I ____ . all night and _____ a lot of food . What _____ Jane doing at the party? The food and the music _______ problems, and all my friends there _____ tequila. They _____ to go to the supermarket, but I _____ In the morning and _______ some clothes When my parents ______ having a good time my sister ______ from the police station, she ____ an accident, so the party _____ over. The Lakers ______ 14 championships and the Celtics _______ 16 championships, The Bulls ______ won 7 championships, Review Of verbs 1.- Tom ________ every day. a) Shaves b) is shaving c) has to shaves 2.- _________ go to class every day. a) Are you b) Do you have c) Do you 3.- Yoko _________ to be here tomorrow. a) will b) may c) is going d) maybe 4.- Jack _______ be in class yesterday. A) didn’t b) can’t c) couldn’t d) may not 5.- Fatima _____ to her sister on the phone yesterday a) spoke b) can speak c) speaks 7.- IT’S TOO LATE A) I’ll be glad to help you do the dishes. B) Thank you, Aunt Louise, but They have already been done A) Can I set the table for you? B) That’s very nice of you, but ____________ already _____________ A) Do you want me to iron the clothes today? B) Thanks, Aunt Louise, But ___________ already ____________ A) I’ll be glad to make Grandpa’s doctor’s appointment. B) That’s very kind of you, but ____________ already ___________ 8.- Can we leave soon? A.- Can we leave soon? B.- I think so. The mail has been stopped , and the lights __________________________ A Great B) Wait a minutes! ______________ the house alarm ______________________ A.- No, it hasn’t But don’t worry about it. I’ll do it right away B.- And now that I think of it, ______________________ The garbage ________________ A.- I’m not sure. Why don’t I go and see? Coca-Cola Coca-Cola, the world’s most popular soft drink, was invented in 1886 by Dr. John Styth Pemberton in a back yard in Atlanta, Georgia. His partner, Frank M. Robinson, named THE DARK BROWN LIQUID Coca-cola because he thought the name would make effective advertising. Coca-Cola was first sold for 5 cents a glass at Jacob’s Pharmacy a local drugstore. After Pemberton’s death in 1888, his rights were purchased by Asa Candler who by 1891 had sold ownership of the formula for the sum of only $2,300. By 1895, Coca-Cola was available in every US STATE. Coca-Cola was originally distributed in syrup form and sold at soda fountain, in 1916 Coca-Cola first appeared in the world famous Coca-Cola contour bottle, still in use today. In 1919 the Candler family sold Coca-Cola Company to Atlanta banker Ernest Woodruff and a group of businessmen for $ 25 M. in 1923 his son Robert Winship Woodruff was elected President of the company. By the 1920’s Coca-Cola was available in Europe. In 1926 The Coca-Cola Export Corporation was set up.. And … in 1983, Coca-Cola was quite literally out of this world, when NASA took a specially designed Coca-Cola can into space. In 1999, The Coca-Cola Company brought the SCHWEPPES soft drink brands, adding more choice to consumers in 160 countries ( excluding USA, The European Union Countries, but including Britain, Ireland & Greece and Norway. Coca-Cola is now enjoyed in nearly 200 countries around the world. It is the most recognized trademark in the world and the second most widely understood phrase after OK! Coca-Cola – the world’s favorite soft drink! OUT OF THE BLUE Explicación del Modismo UNEXPECTED. Ejemplo del Modismo "A GREAT IDEA JUST CAME TO ME OUT OF THE BLUE." ROCK THE BOAT Explicación del Modismo CREATE PROBLEMS FOR OTHER PEOPLE. Ejemplo del Modismo "EVERYONE LIKES ANTONIO. HE DOESN'T ROCK THE BOAT." BY THE BOOK Explicación del Modismo DOING SOMETHING ACCORDING TO THE RULES. Ejemplo del Modismo "HE IS A GOOD COP. HE DOES EVERYTHING BY THE BOOK." OUT OF BOUNDS Explicación del Modismo NOT PERMITTED. Ejemplo del Modismo "HANS WANTED TO ASK MARY OUT ON A DATE BUT I EXPLAINED THAT SHE IS OUT OF BOUNDS. MARY IS ENGAGED TO JACK." BREAD AND BUTTER Explicación del Modismo REGULAR INCOME. Ejemplo del Modismo "WE ARE VERY DEPENDENT ON OUR ADVERTISING REVENUE. IT'S OUR BREAD AND BUTTER." THE BEST THING SINCE SLICED BREAD Explicación del Modismo A GOOD INVENTION OR INNOVATION. Ejemplo del Modismo "I LOVE THIS PAPER FOLDING MACHINE. IT'S THE BEST THING SINCE SLICED BREAD." THE BUCK STOPS HERE Explicación del Modismo PROBLEMS ARE RESOLVED HERE. Ejemplo del Modismo "A LOT OF PEOPLE TRY TO PASS PROBLEMS ON TO OTHER PEOPLE. AT MY DESK, HOWEVER, THE BUCK STOPS HERE." A CLOSE CALL Explicación del Modismo SOMETHING (USUALLY BAD) ALMOST HAPPENING. Ejemplo del Modismo e "THAT CAR ALMOST HIT US. THAT WAS A CLOSE CALL." A FAT CAT Explicación del Modismo A WEALTHY PERSON. Ejemplo del Modismo "FERNANDO HAS EVERYTHING HE NEEDS. HE’S A REAL FAT CAT." MY TWO CENT'S WORTH Explicación del Modismo MY HUMBLE OPINION. Ejemplo del Modismo "HE SEEMS LIKE A CORRUPT POLITICIAN. THAT'S JUST MY TWO CENT'S WORTH. A CHIP ON HIS SHOULDER Explicación del Modismo HE IS ANGRY ABOUT SOMETHING. Ejemplo del Modismo "I DON'T KNOW WHY HE IS SO UNHAPPY. HE SEEMS TO HAVE A CHIP ON HIS SHOULDER. SQUEAKY CLEAN Explicación del Modismo LEGITIMATE AND PROPER. Ejemplo del Modismo "WE CHECKED ALL OF HER REFERENCES. SHE IS SQUEAKY CLEAN." WAKE UP AND SMELL THE COFFEE Explicación del Modismo THINK MORE REALISTICALLY Ejemplo del Modismo "HE DOES NOT RESPECT YOU AS MUCH AS YOU THINK. WAKE UP AND SMELL THE COFFEE." A TOUGH COOKIE Explicación del Modismo A STUBBORN, STRONG PERSON. Ejemplo del Modismo "DON'T GET SHIRLEY UPSET. SHE IS A TOUGH COOKIE." IN A TIGHT CORNER Explicación del Modismo WITHOUT ANY GOOD OPTIONS. Ejemplo del Modismo "MILO HAS RUN OUT OF OPTIONS. IF HE TAKES ANY MORE CHANCE, HE MIGHT FIND HIMSELF IN A TIGHT CORNER." A COUCH POTATO Explicación del Modismo A LAZY PERSON. Ejemplo del Modismo "LUIS FERNANDO JUST WATCHES TELEVISION ALL DAY. HE IS REALLY A COUCH POTATO. CAN'T CUT IT Explicación del Modismo CANNOT DO IT. Ejemplo del Modismo "KIM SHOULDN'T BE WORKING HERE. HE JUST CAN'T CUT IT." Superman Superman, the superhero the most celebrate by the comics American. it being Inspired in a novel of Philip Wylie. Title The Gladiator, published in 1930's, the scenographer Jerry Siegel and the drawing Joe Shuster invented Superman that saw the light in 1938 in the first number of the magazine Action Comics. The last survivor of the Krypton planet, possesses powers outside of what is common, that uses to combat to the most feared criminals and especially to Lex Luthor, cruel entrepreneur and without scruples. What is only that it fears is the kryptonite, a green mineral with extraordinary properties originating from his natal planet. When he is not fighting, Superman is becomes Clark Kent, the shyest journalist of the Daily Planet and eternal love to his partner , the intrepid and ambitious Lois Lane. Legendary figure, Superman it has been the protagonist hero of several movies (Christopher Reeve interpreted this role in four films rolled between 1978 and 1987), comics and series for television. Numerous authors have resuscitated to this personage purportedly expired in November of 1992, but that, as the phoenix fowl, always resuscitates. Batman Batman, personage created by the draftsman of comics Bob Kane and Bill Finger in 1939. According to the statement devised by both, Batman it is a superhero that struggle against the crime hidden by a suit that recalls the image of a bat. The first tale for Batman was published in the number 27 of the American magazine Detective Comics, principal head-board of the editorial DC. To create the personality of the hero, Kane and Finger were inspired in personages of the feuilleton, as the Fox and the Shade. The same as both figures, Batman has a double personality: in the daily life is the millionaire Bruce Wayne, converted into just masked when the situation requires it. Bob Kane created new personages that participated in the adventures of Batman. in 1940s appeared Robin, the teenager and Joker, the villain with clown aspect that sows the terror in Gotham City, the metropolis where is developed the action. two titles that obtained huge success in the decade of 1980: The return of the sir of the night (The Dark Knight Returns, 1986), of Frank Miller; and The murderess joke (The Killing Joke, 1988), of Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons. That new image of the Batman, much more left and complex, it was the one which little after arrived to the cinema, through movies as Batman (1989) Batman returns 1992), both directed by Tim Burton. Then came The Batman forever. and Batman four verbos compuestos ADD UP ANSWER BACK ASK ABOUT ASK FOR ASK BACK ASK IN ASK UP BACK AWAY BACK UP BE AWAY BE FOR BE OFF BE OUT BE UP BEND OVER BLOW DOWN BLOW OUT BREAK AWAY BREAK IN BREAK UP BRING BACK BRING ALONG BRING IN BRING UP BURN AWAY BURN OUT BUY FOR BUY UP CALL AT CALL BACK CALL IN CALL OUT CALL UP CARRY ALONG CARRY ON CLEAR AWAY CLEAR OUT CLOSE DOWN COME ABOUT COME ALONG COME AWAY COME FOR COME IN COME ON COME TO COME UP TO COUNT ON COUNT UP TO CRY OUT CRY TO CUT IN CUT OUT CUT UP DIE AWAY DIE OUT DO WITHOUT DRAW BACK DRAW IN DRAW ON DRAW UP DRIVE BACK DRIVE IN DRIVE OFF EAT AWAY EAT UP FALL DOWN FALL OVER FIGHT ON FILL IN FIND OUT FLY ABOUT FLY AWAY FLY OFF GET ABOUT GET AT GET BACK GET TO GET OUT (OF) GET ON GET OVER GET UP GIVE BACK GIVE OUT GO ABOUT GO AT GO BY GO IN / INTO GO ON GO OVER GO UP GO ACROSS HANG ABOUT HANG BEHIND HANG OFF HOLD BACK HOLD OUT HURRY AWAY HURRY UP JUMP ABOUT JUMP DOWN JUMP ON KEEP AWAY KEEP DOWN KEEP UP KNOCK AT KNOCK OUT LOOK AFTER LOOK BEHIND LOOK FOR LOOK IN LOOK OUT LOOK ROUND MOVE AWAY MOVE DOWN MOVE OFF MOVE OUT PASS AWAY PASS IN PAY FOR PAY OFF POINT AT POINT TO POINT OUT PULL AWAY PULL OFF PULL UP PUT BACK PUT IN PUT ON PUT UP RUN ABOUT RUN DOWN RUN OFF RUN OVER SEE ABOUT SEE TO SEND DOWN SEND OFF SEND UP SET DOWN SHUT IN SIT DOWN SIT FOR SPEAK TO STAND BY STAND OUT STAY AT STAY IN STEP ACROSS STEP IN STEP UP STOP BY STOP UP TAKE DOWN TAKE IN TAKE OUT TAKE UP TALK OF TEAR AWAY TEAR UP THROW BACK THROW IN THROW OUT TRY ON TURN BACK TURN OFF TURN OUT TURN INTO WALK ABOUT WALK AWAY WALK IN WALK UP WORK UNDER ADD UP TO ANSWER FOR ASK AFTER ASK UP TO ASK DOWN ASK OUT BACK OUT BE ABOUT BE BACK BE IN BE ON BE OVER BEND DOWN BLOW AWAY BLOW OFF BLOW UP BREAK DOWN BREAK OFF BREAK OUT BRING ABOUT BRING DOWN BRING OUT BRUSH OFF BURN DOWN BURN UP BUY OVER CALL AWAY CALL FOR CALL ON CALL OVER CALL DOWN CARRY OFF CARRY OUT CLEAR OFF CLEAR UP CLOSE UP COME ACROSS COME AT COME DOWN COME FROM COME OFF COME OUT COME UP COUNT IN COUNT UP CRY FOR CRY OVER CUT DOWN CUT OFF CUT THROUGH DIE DOWN DO UP DRAW AWAY DRAW DOWN DRAW OFF DRAW OUT DRIVE AWAY DRIVE BY DRIVE OUT EAT INTO FALL OFF FIGHT OFF FIGHT UP FILL UP FIX UP FLY AT FLY DOWN GET ALONG GET AWAY GET DOWN GET IN / INTO GET OFF GET OUT GET THROUGH GIVE AWAY GIVE OFF GIVE UP GO ALONG GO AWAY GO DOWN GO OFF GO OUT GO THROUGH GO UP TO GO WITHOUT HANG BACK HANG FROM HANG UP HOLD ON HURRY ALONG HURRY OFF JUMP AT JUMP IN JUMP OVER KEEP BACK KEEP OFF KNOCK ABOUT KNOCK DOWN LOOK AT LOOK DOWN LOOK FORWARD TO LOOK LIKE LOOK OVER LOOK UP MOVE ALONG MOVE IN MOVE ON MOVE UP PASS BY PASS ON PAY IN PAY UP POINT AWAY POINT DOWN POINT UP PULL DOWN PULL OUT PUT AWAY PUT DOWN PUT OFF PUT OUT PUT UP WITH RUN ACROSS RUN IN RUN OUT RUN UP SEE OFF SEND ALONG SEND FOR SEND ROUND SET ABOUT SET OFF SHUT UP SIT UP SPEAK FOR SPEAK UP STAND OFF STAND UP STAY BY STAY OUT STEP DOWN STEP OUT STEP UP TO STOP IN TAKE FOR TAKE OFF TAKE TO TALK ABOUT TALK TO TEAR OFF THROW AWAY THROW DOWN THROW OFF THROW UP TURN AWAY TURN DOWN TURN ON TURN OVER TURN UP WALK ALONG WALK DOWN WALK OFF WORK OUT WRITE DOWN THE 2001 10 Most Successful trademarks of the world. In a recent study by ACNIELSEN shows that only 43 trademarks in the world, achieve sales that goes over the billion dollars every year. So we give you the 10 most important on the market. Number 1 Coca-Cola: In Mexico is one of the countries that drinks more Coca-Cola, about 160 liters each person. Only in Mexico Coca-Cola delivers every day 2 million cases, here in Mexico Coca-cola sells 15 billion Dollars, the second and third are Fanta And Sprite both from The Coca-Cola Company And generally when you think about a cold soft drink, you think about Coca-cola, o when you are eating you think Coca-Cola, instead of other soft drinks. Number 2. Marlboro: Sales 15 billions dollars around the world, in 2001, more that 50% smokers are women, they also produce L&M cigarettes, the company that is going up is Camel, and that’s means war, but smoke can also produce cancer so be careful, that means brain cancer and lung cancer, but in recently a group of people has put a law suit for 300 billion dollars, and well they lost, now they have to put in the box, that smoking produces cancer. Number 3. L’Oreal: hair color, in 1907 Eugene Shueller a French inventor, and now the company has more like Feria, casting and preference e imedia, it sells about 1 billion to 1.5 billion dollars a year in Mexico, and they sell about 100 products each second around the world Number 4 Budweiser beer: it’s from E. Anheuser Bush & Company., this beer arrives in Mexico in 1989, but it was selling in the U.S. since 1936, before that it was a chocolate drink. So it sells about 3 or 5 billion dollars in the world. The company produces more that 100 millions of hard cases. It sells in 70 countries Number 5 Colgate. Tooth paste: it arrives in Mexico in the 1920’s but it was selling since 1813, it sells about 1.5 and 2 billions dollars a year. It has a different choices that you can buy at a store. In Mexico it’s a custom. Number 6 Nescafe. By Nestle, when it started it there were only 2 kinds, regular and decaf, now there are more, like, dolca, cappuccino and Moccachio. It sells about 2 or 3 billions dollars a year in the world and it has 70 years in the market. Number 7 Doritos, from FRITO-LAYS in the USA and in Mexico From Sabritas. But sabritas is own by Pepsi company since, 1966 in Mexico, but in the USA they are different owners., now in Mexico Pepsi Co. owns Fritos and Sabritones, but in the USA lays has many different types of potato chips. It sells about 1.5 billion dollars a year. Number 8 KODAK.- it started in Mexico in 1922 and it was the only one of its kind for a quarter of a century. It has the 85% of production in the world, it sells about 1.5 billion dollars a year. It was funded by George Eastman in 1888 Number 9 PAMPERS.- in the 1940’s was the time when some babies started to use Disposable Diapers, leaving the old one, the Swedish children were the first to use this diapers, in the 50’s the diapers were only paper. Then 60’s Vic Mills employee of P & G . Made the design and created Pampers, it was introduce in 1961 to USA, but it didn’t have tape, in the 70’s there was tape, and in the 80’s there was stretch,. It sells about 5 billion dollars a year world wide. Number 10.- KRAF FOODS.- it sells about 1 billion dollars a year, that’s because the product that sells more its Philadelphia cream cheese. Because it was the first one to do it. and the others sell but not as much as the cream cheese. The 10 most important Companies. 1.- Coca-Cola 68, 900 million in a month 2.- Microsoft 65,100 3.- IBM 52,800 4.- General Electric 42,400 5.- Nokia 35,000 6.- Intel 34,700 7.- Disney 32,600 8.- Ford 30,100 9.- McDonald’s 25,300 10.- AT&T 22,800 THE 2006 Most Successful trademarks of the world. 1 Coca-Cola US 2 Microsoft US 3 IBM US 4 GE US 5 Intel US 6 Nokia Finland 7 Toyota Japan 8 Disney US 9 McDonald’s US 10 Mercedes Germany 11 Citi US 12 Marlboro US 13 Hewlett-Packard US 14 American Express US 15 BMW Germany 16 Gillette US 17 Louis Vuitton France 18 Cisco US 19 Honda Japan 20 Samsung R O K 1. Where are you going next weekend? Sure, I'll get it. I'm not sure. I think we'll probably stay at home. Yes. I think I'll go to bed. I'll have a quiet word in his ear. 2. What time will you be back at the office? a) If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime. b) I think I'll be back by 3.00 at the latest. c) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. d) Sure, I'll get it. 3. Where do you think we'll do best with this new product? a) I imagine we'll have a lot of success with this in Germany. b) Sure, I'll get it. c) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear. 4. My car's broken down. Can you help? a) If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime. b) Sure. I'll give you a lift. c) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear. 5. Do you know if you've got the job? a) Sure. I'll give you a lift. b) I'll possibly find out later today. c) If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime. d) I think I'll be back by 3.00 at the latest. 6. Could somebody answer the phone? a) Sure. I'll give you a lift. b) If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime. c) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. d) Sure, I'll get it. 7. Why are you building that baseball pitch, Kevin? a) A voice told me, "If you build it, they will come." b) If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime. c) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear. 8. What time will they arrive? a) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. b) If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime. c) I'll possibly find out later today. d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear. 9. You look shattered. a) Sure. I'll give you a lift. b) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. c) I'll possibly find out later today. d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear. 10. I'm not happy with the work Michael has been producing. a) Sure. I'll give you a lift. b) I think I'll be back by 3.00 at the latest. c) I'll possibly find out later today. d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear. 1. If I get this new job, a) she won't be very happy. b) I'll buy you some champagne. c) we'll ask him what he thinks. d) they won't be very happy. 2. If England win the World Cup, a) I'll take the rest of the week off. b) they won't be very happy. c) I'll be very surprised. d) I won't go either. 3. If Tony Blair continues the way he has started, a) she won't be very happy. b) they won't be very happy. c) we'll ask him what he thinks. d) he'll be one of the best ever Prime Ministers. 4. If the Euro does as well as expected, a) she won't be very happy. b) we'll make a lot of money. c) I'll take the rest of the week off. d) we'll ask him what he thinks. 5. When our shareholders see how badly we have done, a) we'll ask him what he thinks. b) they won't be very happy. c) she won't be very happy. d) I won't go either. 6. When the boss gets back from holiday, a) we'll ask him what he thinks. b) I won't go either. c) I'll take the rest of the week off. d) we'll make a lot of money. 7. When the boss finds out about this, a) we'll make a lot of money. b) I won't go either. c) I'll take the rest of the week off. d) she won't be very happy. 8. When I finish work tonight, a) I'll probably go and have a drink. b) I won't go either. c) I'll take the rest of the week off. d) we'll make a lot of money. 9. If you are definitely not going to the seminar, a) I won't go either. b) I'll be very surprised. c) I'll take the rest of the week off. d) we'll make a lot of money. 10. If you think it's not a problem, a) I'll buy you some champagne. b) I'll be very surprised. c) I'll take the rest of the week off. d) we'll make a lot of money. 2 When are you leaving? I'm not setting off for another hour or so. No I'm coming on the last plane tonight and then staying in the airport hotel. No, I've hurt my back. I'm looking after the kids and letting my wife play instead. I'm afraid so. Three people have taken appointments for Saturday. But I'm finishing early, at 11.00. I'm sorry I can't. I'm having dinner with Joan and Allison. 3 I'd like to place an order, please. Next Tuesday at 10.00. I'm sorry. We don't open for business until 9.00. Can you phone back then? Well the train arrives at 13.45 and then it will take about 20 minutes by taxi. The match starts at 8.00. I hope Manchester United win! Friday. If you're too tired to think, go to bed. 4 What time will you be there? It leaves at 5.00 in the morning so you'd better get up early! I'm sorry. We don't open for business until 9.00. Can you phone back then? Well the train arrives at 13.45 and then it will take about 20 minutes by taxi. I'm afraid so. Three people have taken appointments for Saturday. But I'm finishing early, at 11.00. Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. 5 Are you worried about your exams? I'm not setting off for another hour or so. No I'm coming on the last plane tonight and then staying in the airport hotel. No, I've hurt my back. I'm looking after the kids and letting my wife play instead. Yes, I'm going to Barbados for two weeks. Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. 6 What's this about your getting engaged? Not yet but I've got tickets. We're going on Tuesday. Yes it's true. I'm getting married in July. It takes 30 minutes by taxi and 45 minutes by bus. He's on a trip and he doesn't get back until next week. Friday. If you're too tired to think, go to bed. 7 What time is kick-off? It leaves at 5.00 in the morning so you'd better get up early! Yes it's true. I'm getting married in July. Well the train arrives at 13.45 and then it will take about 20 minutes by taxi. The match starts at 8.00. I hope Manchester United win! Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. 8 Are you working on Saturday? I'm not setting off for another hour or so. No I'm coming on the last plane tonight and then staying in the airport hotel. We're going for a coffee. Would you like to come? I'm afraid so. Three people have taken appointments for Saturday. But I'm finishing early, at 11.00. Four days. I'm leaving on Friday. 9 Are you catching the early flight tomorrow? I'm not setting off for another hour or so. No I'm coming on the last plane tonight and then staying in the airport hotel. We're going for a coffee. Would you like to come? I'm afraid so. Three people have taken appointments for Saturday. But I'm finishing early, at 11.00. Four days. I'm leaving on Friday. 10 How long is it from the airport to the centre of town? Next Tuesday at 10.00. It doesn't start until quite late. 9.30 I think. It takes 30 minutes by taxi and 45 minutes by bus. The match starts at 8.00. I hope Manchester United win! Friday. If you're too tired to think, go to bed. 11 What day is it tomorrow? It leaves at 5.00 in the morning so you'd better get up early! It doesn't start until quite late. 9.30 I think. Well the train arrives at 13.45 and then it will take about 20 minutes by taxi. The match starts at 8.00. I hope Manchester United win! Friday. If you're too tired to think, go to bed. 12 When does the Trade Fair open? Next Tuesday at 10.00. Yes it's true. I'm getting married in July. Well the train arrives at 13.45 and then it will take about 20 minutes by taxi. The match starts at 8.00. I hope Manchester United win! Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. 13 What time does the film begin? It leaves at 5.00 in the morning so you'd better get up early! It doesn't start until quite late. 9.30 I think. No, I've hurt my back. I'm looking after the kids and letting my wife play instead. Yes, I'm going to Barbados for two weeks. Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. 14 Is Bob there? Next Tuesday at 10.00. It doesn't start until quite late. 9.30 I think. It takes 30 minutes by taxi and 45 minutes by bus. He's on a trip and he doesn't get back until next week. Friday. If you're too tired to think, go to bed. 15 Have you seen the new play at the Criterion theatre? Not yet but I've got tickets. We're going on Tuesday. I'm sorry. We don't open for business until 9.00. Can you phone back then? It takes 30 minutes by taxi and 45 minutes by bus. He's on a trip and he doesn't get back until next week. I'm sorry I can't. I'm having dinner with Joan and Allison. 16 How long are you staying for? Not yet but I've got tickets. We're going on Tuesday. Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. We're going for a coffee. Would you like to come? I'm afraid so. Three people have taken appointments for Saturday. But I'm finishing early, at 11.00. Four days. I'm leaving on Friday. 17 What time does the bus leave? It leaves at 5.00 in the morning so you'd better get up early! Yes it's true. I'm getting married in July. No, I've hurt my back. I'm looking after the kids and letting my wife play instead. Yes, I'm going to Barbados for two weeks. Four days. I'm leaving on Friday. 18 Are you playing tennis on Saturday? Not yet but I've got tickets. We're going on Tuesday. No I'm coming on the last plane tonight and then staying in the airport hotel. No, I've hurt my back. I'm looking after the kids and letting my wife play instead. Yes, I'm going to Barbados for two weeks. Four days. I'm leaving on Friday. 19 Would you like to come to dinner this evening? Next Tuesday at 10.00. I'm sorry. We don't open for business until 9.00. Can you phone back then? It takes 30 minutes by taxi and 45 minutes by bus. He's on a trip and he doesn't get back until next week. I'm sorry I can't. I'm having dinner with Joan and Allison. 20 So you're off on holiday next week? I'm not setting off for another hour or so. Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. We're going for a coffee. Would you like to come? Yes, I'm going to Barbados for two weeks. I'm sorry I can't. I'm having dinner with Joan and Allison. The hamburger, introduced by Germans at the world’s Fair in St. Louis, Missouri in 1904, Is named for the port of Hamburg in Germany. The name “Hamburger” comes from this German town, not the ingredients. A Hamburger is “ beef in a bun “ – there isn’t any ham in it. Today, the hamburger is the most popular fast food in the world and twelve thousand people order one in the United States every minute! You can have a lots of different styles of hamburgers or you can order other things in a bun. Next time, try a fish burger, a chicken burger or even a veggie burger. He was all ears when his boss talked. He is a chip off the old block. He is thick in the head. The bank robbers were armed to the teeth. His comments threw a wet blanket on the discussion. They were beat after three days of hard work. Jack was hard up to pay his rent. The storm left them all in the same boat. The house fire meant we had to start from scratch. You did it. You have to face the music. 2. Yes. You hit the nail on the head. 3. You two don't see eye to eye. 4 You have to learn it by heart. 5. You are an old hand at teaching. 6. That's great! You keep everything under your thumb. 7. You don't want to stick your neck out, do you? You have to memorize it.____ b. You're experienced.___ c. You have control of the situation.___ d. You don't want to take the risk.____ e. You have to accept the consequences of you actions.____ f. You don't agree with each other.____ g. You're absolutely right.____ I'm all thumbs today! I tripped and fell, and I broke my favorite coffee cup. a) I have 10 thumbs on my hand. b) I am uncoordinated and clumsy today. c) I fell on my thumbs and broke them. 2. I talked to my sister heart-to-heart and told her how I felt about my boyfriend. a) I spoke to my sister very honestly about my feelings. b) I talked to my boyfriend about my sister. c) I spoke to my sister about my heart. 3. Wendy: How did you finish your work so quickly? Henry: I had a head start. a) Henry's head started to work. b) Wendy is slow and lazy. c) Henry started before Wendy. 4. Mother: You're late! Did it ever cross your mind to pick up a phone and call me?! Daughter: I'm sorry, I was busy and I just couldn't call. Mother: Well, OK, but I was really worried about you! Daughter: I'm really sorry, next time I'll call if I'm going to be late. a) Did you forget me? b) Did you think of calling me? c) Didn't you call me? 5. I was supposed to give a speech to my English class, but I got cold feet and I didn't go. a)I got too nervous, and I didn't go. b) My English class makes my feet feel too cold. c) My feet got cold, so I didn't go. 6. Steve: How was the first day on your new job? Henry: It was terrible! I hit my new manager's car in the parking lot, so I got off on the wrong foot. What an awful way to start the day! a) I drove over my new manager's foot. B) My day started badly. c) I lost my new job today. 7. Shawn: Hey! I have some great news! Kate: I'm all ears.... a) Tell me - I'm listening! b) My ears are ready. c) I have an earache. 8. I've already finished my project. Get off my back now! a) My work is done now, so I can go home. b) Leave me alone and stop telling me to do my project! c) My back hurts, so I want to finish my work. 9. I just remembered! I need to pick up some milk at the store. a) I'm all ears. b) It just crossed my mind. c) I had a head start. 10.- She always like to think things through very carefully. She likes to ........ . a. chicken and egg b. chicken c. chew things over d. call his bluff e. call it quits 11.- We need a loan to start the company and we need a company to get the loan. It's a ........ situation. a. calls the shots b. chew things over c. chicken d. call his bluff e. chicken and egg 12.- We wanted to expand into Asia but we were a bit frightened. We were soon sorry for being so ...... a. chicken and egg b. chicken c. calls the shots d. chew things over e. call it quits 1. Mr. Yang's trip will ____ him away from the office for ten days. A. withdraw B continue C retain D keep 2. The company that Marie DuBois started now sells ____ products throughout the world. A. its B it C theirs D them 3. If your shipment is not delivered ____ Tuesday, you can request a full refund for the merchandise. A. at B by C within D while 4. The hotel breakfast ____ fresh fruit juice and a choice of pastries A. includes B to incluye C including 5. We regret to announce the ____ of the training session scheduled for April 21. A. denial B incapability C postponement D dismissal SINCE OR FOR Since ( desde cuando) For ( por cuanto) 1. Which is correct? a) for a long period b) since a long period 2. Which is correct? a) for 6 years b) since 6 years 3. Which is correct? a) for 1992 b) since 1992 4. Which is correct? a) for 6 weeks b) since 6 weeks 5. Which is correct? a) for 8 months b) since 8 months 6. Which is correct? a) for 10 minutes b) since 10 minutes 7. Which is correct? a) for a long time b) since a long time 8. Which is correct? a) for ages b) since ages 9. Which is correct? a) for March 18 b) since March 18 10. Which is correct? a) for the end of last year b) since the end of last year 11. Which is correct? a) for I joined the firm b) since I joined the firm 12. Which is correct? a) for 10 hours b) since 10 hours 13. Which is correct? a) for 10 o' clock b) since 10 o'clock 14. Which is correct? a) for the beginning of the year b) since the beginning of the year 15. Which is correct? a) for a six month period b) since a six month period 1. I've worked here .......... I left Harvard Business School. a) for b) since c) over d) while 2. You should visit the Empire State building .......... you are in New York. a) for b) over c) during d) while 3. I looked at what you suggested .......... I was having lunch. a) for b) since c) during d) while 4. We usually have a lot of staff illness .......... the winter period. a) for b) since c) over d) while 5. Could you hold on a few minutes .......... I check this with my boss? a) for b) since c) during d) while 6. It's all been going much better .......... we reorganised the department. a) for b) since c) over d) while 7. They'll be stuck in customs awaiting clearance .......... at least three weeks. a) for b) since c) during d) while 8. It's gone much better .......... John was sacked. a) for b) since c) during d) while 9. We hope you will stay with us .......... a long time. a) for b) since c) during d) while 10. I've worked here .......... 10 years. a) for b) since c) over d) while This fruit is red: PLAPES This fruit is very big: RANTEWLMEO This fruit is popular at Halloween: KPNUMIP This fruit has the name of its color: GAEORN These are yellow and very sour: OLSENM Monkeys love these: AAABNNS This fruit comes from Australia: IKWI These are orange, and a little bit hairy: EESCHAP 1.- Who is the only sponsor for the Olympics? a) Nike b) Reebok c) Coca-cola d) Budweiser e) Ford 2.- Who is the Mythological Father of the Olympics? a) Zeus b) Hercules c) Plato d) Era e) Mount Oyimpus 3.- In 1914 one company created the first automatic transmission, what company was it? a) Nissan b) Ford c) Chevrolet d) Honda e) Mercedes f) Rolls Royce 4.- In what year was the official creation of PEMEX? a) 1938 b) 1965 c) 1980 d) 1950 e) 1930 f) 1920 g) 1925 h) 1935 5.- Mexico sent soldiers to war in world war II, What was the name of the squadron ? a) 501 b) 201 c) 301 d) 401 e) 601 6.- what does it mean? K.K.K. _______________________________ 7.- write the meanings of these? 8.- F.B.I. _____________________________________________________ 9.- C.I:A. _____________________________________________________ 10.- A.F.I.______________________________________________________ 11.- D.E.A. ____________________________________________________ 12.- L.A.P.D. __________________________________________________ 13.- which is the capital of Canada? a) Toronto b) Quebec c) Ottawa d) Montreal 14.- What does WWW mean? ____________________________________ 15.- What’s the name of the last aircraft carrier in the U.S.A.? a) Bill Clinton b) Gorge Bush c) Ronald Reagan d) George W. Bush e) Bill Gates 16.- In what year did Ford Motor Company made the first Mustang ? a) 1961 b) 1960 c) 1962 d) 1963 e) 1964 f) 1978 g) 1980 h) 1975 I) 1971 17.- Who is the only actor who in his house has 2 airplanes parked ready to take of, and he has his own little airport? a) Tom Cruse b) John Travolta c) Brad Pitt d) Mel Gibson e) will smith 18.- What’s the name of the new airplane, that has 3 floors , a hotel, a casino, stores and a swimming pool? “note “ ITT CANNON OF MEXICO IN NOGALES MAKES PARTS POR THAT PLANE a) air bus A380 b) Super Air plane A380 c) Flying pleasure A380 d) Air Hotel A380 19.- Who are considered the inventors of the horoscope? a) China b) Japan c) Germany d) Mesopotamia e) Egypt f) Russia g) Irak 20.- What happened on 9-11-‘01 ? _____________________________________________________________ 21.- Which is the State Capital of California U.S.A. ________? a) Oackland b) San Diego c) Los Ángeles d) San Francisco e) Sacramento 22.- Whose face appears on the one dollar bill ? a) B. Franklin b) T. Jefferson c) A. Lincoln d) G. Washington e) A. Jackson 24.- Which is the capital of Arizona ? a) finix b) fenix c) phonix d) phoenix e) phoeneix 25.- What’s the name of the Lincoln’s Memorial ? _________________________________________________________________ 26.- What happened on 8-14-2003 __________________________________________________________________ 27.- What are the 3 powers of the government in Mexico ? a) Judicial – Congresal – Legislativo b) Ejecutivo – Congresal - Militar c) Ejecutivo – Legislativo – Judicial d) Ejecutivo – Congresal - gubernamental 28.- Which is the capital of England ? a) Britain b) London c) Backiham d) New England 29.- Who won the civil war in USA? a) The north b) the South c) The blue d) the gray 30.- How many states does the U.S.A. have? a) 48 b) 51 c) 60 d) 49 e) 50 31.- which is the plural for Happy? a) happys b) happies c) happy d) happiest e) happier 32.- So a boy and his father, were in a car on the highway, they had and accident; a long came two ambulances and pick them up, but one took the father and the other took the son, to different hospitals. Because the boy was more injured they took him to the operating room, when the Dr. saw him; the Dr. said I can’t operate on the boy, the nurse asks why, so The Dr. answered his my son. How is this possible ? ____________________________________________________ 33.- what’s bigger than god, more evil than the devil, the rich want it, the poor have it, and if you eat it you will die. What is it? _____________________________________________________________ 34.- before Hermosillo was the state capital of Sonora, there was one little town named the state capital that only lasted 2 days before Hermosillo, what town was it? _______________________________________________ editor editorial advertising editorial article effective reach exhibitors' area feedback follow-on campaign subheading subliminal advertising subscriber subtitle support campaign supporting promotion tabloid follow-up campaign frame gag gatefold graphic designer graphics headline high circulation high-circulation weekly magazine house agency house magazine household panel image informative advertising insertion - advertisement inside cover in-store demo in-store promotion jingle key-account manager large print run layout leaflet (GB) - folder (US) leit motiv lettering local advertising magazine circulation mail advertising tailor-made promotion target group tax on advertising technical magazine television audience measurement (TAM) test campaign testimonial throwaway - flier tied-in advertising tied-in campaign total ratings trade journal trade magazine transfer (GB) - decal (US) transport advertising TV network TV spot - commercial visual visual appeal visual proposal visualize visualizer window bill window display window streamer window-dresser zapping advertisement - ad market coverage advertiser advertising - publicity advertising agency advertising agent advertising budget advertising campaign advertising columns advertising consultant advertising dealer advertising effectiveness advertising expenses advertising in the yellow pages advertising man - adman advertising manager advertising media advertising planner advertising poster (GB) - advertising board (US) advertising rate advertising support advertising to sales ratio announcement - press release art director audience audience composition average audience average circulation billboards (GB) - hoardings (US) billsticking - billposting bleed page blow-up body copy - copy booklet brand image broadcasting mass advertising mass communication mass media - media media buyer media buying media buying agency media department media planner media planning media strategy merchandising misprint mural advertising neon sign news agency newsletter number of copies opinion leaders opinion maker opinion poll order card outdoor sign pay-off peak time periodic pocket edition point of purchase advertising (POPA) point of sale material popularity rating - audience poster (GB) - board (US) posting press agent press cutting - clippings press office F B I Today, the FBI is part of a vast national and international campaign dedicated to defeating terrorism. Working hand-in-hand with partners in law enforcement, intelligence, the military, and diplomatic circles, our job is to neutralize terrorist cells and operatives here in the U.S. and to help dismantle terrorist networks worldwide. The FBI is uniquely situated to achieve this counter-terrorism mission. We have both domestic intelligence and law enforcement capabilities. This gives the FBI a full range of options when we pursue investigations, enabling us not only to detect terrorist threats through surveillance, source development, and careful analysis, but to act against those threats through arrest and incarceration. At the same time, the FBI can mobilize quickly and comprehensively to prevent attacks -- thanks to a worldwide network of dedicated Special Agents and their long-standing relationship with federal, state, local, and international partners. The FBI also has nearly a century of experience of working within the boundaries of the Constitution, protecting civil liberties. The FBI, in conjunction with its law enforcement and intelligence community partners, is making a difference. Since September 11, 2001, more than 3,000 Al-Qa'ida leaders and foot soldiers have been taken into custody around the globe; nearly 200 suspected terrorist associates have been charged with crimes in the U.S.; and as many as a hundred terrorist attacks or plots have been broken up worldwide. The FBI is committed to preventing acts of terror and to protecting the security of the American people. FRANQUICIA. Definición.- Existirá Franquicia cuando una persona Titular de una marca y nombre Comercial llamada franquiciante permite a terceros llamados Franquiciatarios, que usen sus marcas y sus nombres comerciales, siempre y cuando actúen en concepto de dueños de la marca, de tal manera que brinden al público los servicios con la misma impresión, calidad e imagen usada por el dueño original de la marca, el franquiciente recibe una contraprestación a cambio llamada regalías. Las franquicias mas conocidas son: McDONALDS, KFC ( KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN ), DOMINOS PIZZA, BLOCKBUSTER VIDEO, BURGUER KING ETC La Franquicia más que todo es la transmisión de los conocimientos técnicos y tecnológicos de una negociación mercantil, que incluye el uso del nombre comercial, la marca, así como los secretos de fabricación el KNOW HOW, y la asistencia técnica a cambio de una regalía. SECRETOS INDUSTRIALES.- secreto industrial es toda información de aplicación industrial que guarde una persona con carácter confidencial que le implique obtener una ventaja competitiva o económica. La transmisión de las patentes o registros de los derechos de explotación de las invenciones, modelos de utilidad y diseños industriales podrán realizarse de acuerdo a las formas de transmisión que establece el derecho común, pero de cualquier manera para que surtan sus efectos en perjuicio de terceros deberán de inscribirse en el IMPI. También el titular de las patentes y registros podrán conceder licencias para que terceras personas usen y exploten dichos derechos mismos que tengan que inscribirse ante la Secretaria para que pueda producir perjuicio a terceros. INVENSION.- es toda creación humana que permita transformar la materia o la energía que existe en la naturaleza para qué el ser humano lo aproveche satisfaciendo una necesidad inmediata que tenga. COMPORTAMIENTO HUMANO. También es posible reunir información sobre el comportamiento humano como sensibilidad, comunicación, toma de decisiones y escritura. En este punto se incluye información referente a las exigencias personales del puesto en términos de gasto de energía, caminar largas distancias y otros. MÁQUINAS, HERRAMIENTAS, EQUIPO Y AUXILIARES UTILIZADOS AL TRABAJO. Aquí se incluye la información sobre los productos fabricados, los materiales procesados, el conocimiento que se maneja o se aplica y los servicios proporcionados. CRITERIOS DE DESEMPEÑO. También se reúne información con respecto a los criterios desempeño por medio los cuales se valoran al empleado de ese puesto de. CONTEXTO DEL PUESTO. Este Comprende la información referente a cuestiones como condiciones físicas y horario de trabajo y el contexto social y organización, por ejemplo, la gente con la que el empleado deberá interactuar habitualmente. También puede reunirse aquí información sobre los incentivos financieros y no financieros vinculados con el empleo. REQUERIMIENTOS HUMANOS. Finalmente, es usual reunir información con respecto a los requerimientos humanos del puesto tales como los conocimientos o las habilidades con los que se relaciona (educación, capacitación experiencia laboral), así como los atributos personales (aptitudes, características físicas, personalidad, intereses) que se requieren. NECESIDAD LEGAL, SOCIAL DE EFICIENCIA Y ADIESTRAMIENTO Información generada por el análisis de puestos de diversas actividades interrelacionadas de la administración de personal de: Reclutamiento y selección En análisis de puesto proporciona información sobre puesto y los requerimientos humanos necesarios para desempeñar esas actividades. Esta descripción del puesto en información de la especificación del puesto son la base sobre la que se decide qué tipo de personas se recluta y contratan. Compensaciones También es necesaria una clara comprensión de lo que cada empleo representa para estimular su valor y la compensación apropiada para cada uno. Éstos se debe a que la compensación está vinculada generalmente con la capacidad de requerida, el nivel de educación, los riesgos de seguridad y otros, dos ellos son factores que se identifican por medio del análisis de puesto. También se verá que muchas empresas clasificar los puestos en categorías el análisis de puesto ofrece los datos para determinar el valor relativo de cada posición para que puede ser clasificada. La evaluación de desempeño consiste en comparar el desempeño real de cada empleado con del rendimiento deseado. Con frecuencia es mediante el análisis de puesto que los ingenieros industriales y otros expertos determinan los criterios que se deben alcanzar y las partidas específicas que realizar. ¿ QUÉ ES LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE PROYECTOS ? Es la planeación, organización, dirección y control de los recursos para lograr un objetivo a corto plazo. También se dice que la administración de proyectos ocurre cuando se da un énfasis y una atención especial para conducir actividades no repetitivas con el propósito de lograr un conjunto de metas. Esta actividad es llevada a cabo por un conjunto de administradores que actúan como agentes unificadores para proyectos particulares, tomando en cuenta los recursos existentes, tales como el tiempo, materiales, capital, recursos humanos y tecnología. accelerated depreciation account book accounting - book-keeping accounting criteria - accounting standards accounts payable accrual accrued liability - accrued expense accrued revenue - accrued income actual cost added value adjustment administrative expenses advances affiliated company allocation of the dividend amortization - depreciation amortize - to depreciate annual general meeting (AGM) approve a balance articles of association asset assets assets and liabilities assets side assets value associated companies auditing - audit auditors' certificate balance sheet balance-sheet analysis balance-sheet consolidation balance-sheet items balance-sheet ratios board of directors book profit book value Book Keeping loss break even point (BEP) break-up value budget industrial and commercial equipment intangible assets interests earned interests paid inventories - stock inventory inventory accounting - stock accounting inventory book inventory records - stock records inventory turnover index inventory value investment invoicing - billing land and buildings legal reserve liabilities liabilities side limited liability company limited partner - sleeping partner limited partnership liquid assets liquidity long-term financing loss loss on credits major shareholder majority interest majority shareholder make a list of inventory manage a company management buy-out memorandum of association minority interest minutes of a meeting net assets net margin net profit non-taxable income on first call one-man business abandon an action according to law arbitration arbitration clause assessment of damage assignment attorney - proxy holder authenticate award a contract lease contract legal action - lawsuit legal adviser legal assistance legal charges - legal fees legal department legal domicile legal proceedings - legal action legal representative bankruptcy bankruptcy petition be in force bilateral agreement binding breach of contract break an agreement break the law cancellation date certificate certify cheat - to swindle code come into force come to terms competent court lessee - tenant letter of intents liability in contract licensee lien creditor limitation period magistrate - judge mortgage notary public notice notify omission partial agreement patent patent patent holder TAREA: REALIZAR SU CURRICULUM EN INGLES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ IN THE AIR Explicación del Modismo BEING DISCUSSED. GENERALLY OBVIOUS. Ejemplo del Modismo en "THE DAYS ARE GETTING LONGER AND THE FLOWERS ARE BLOOMING. SPRING IS IN THE AIR." A GREY AREA Explicación del Modismo SOMETHING THAT IS DIFFICULT TO DEFINE. Ejemplo del Modismo I RESEARCHED YOUR CASE BUT THERE ARE NOT ANY BLACK AND WHITE ANSWERS. YOUR SITUATION SEEMS TO FALL INTO A GREY AREA." UP IN ARMS Explicación del Modismo ANGRY. Ejemplo del Modismo "THE CROWD WAS AGITATED. EVERYONE WAS UP IN ARMS OVER THE GOVERNMENT DECISION." GO BEHIND SOMEONE'S BACK Explicación del Modismo DO SOMETHING WITHOUT TELLING SOMEONE. Ejemplo del Modismo "DON'T TRUST JANE. SHE ACTS FRIENDLY BUT SHE IS ALWAYS GOING BEHIND SOMEONE'S BACK." EACH TO HIS OWN Explicación del Modismo EVERYONE IS ENTITLED TO HIS OWN INDIVIDUAL OPINION. Ejemplo del Modismo "I CAN'T SAY THAT I LIKE GEORGE'S NEW FURNITURE. IT SEEMS VERY PLAIN AND UNCOMFORTABLE. OH WELL, EACH TO HIS OWN." +

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hola la maestra no dejo nada para las clases de Educacion, entren mañana y veremos que sale...

English 2 Top Notch

UNIVERSIDAD DE SONORA CAMPUS NOGALES INGLES 2 TOP NOTCH LIC. LUIS ALEJANDRO BASURTO ALVAREZ UNIT 8 Third Person. Las terceras personas son, HE, SHE, IT en singular y en Plural son They, You Pero cuando hablamos de un verbo en tercera persona, se agrega una “S” al final del verbo, es decir, al verbo se agrega “S” ejemplo: Con el verbo Work I ----- Work tercera persona You ----- Work He Wprks, eats etc. They ---- Work She Works, eats etc. We ---- Work It Works, eats etc. Put a circle on correct answer between the words that are underline Hi I’m Kevin I Live o Lives in London. I speak o speaks English and Italian. My wife speak o speaks our children. Fred and Sara Speak o speaks English and Italian. At school they sing o sings English songs. We live o lives in a big home Every day I eat o eats a hamburger and I clean o cleans the house. Every day my wife cook o cooks dinner, and she clean o cleans The garage. Every day my wife and I read o reads the newspaper, we drink o drinks tea and watch tv. He like o likes baywatch ACOMODA LA PALABRA COMO DEBE SER YSREA________ MUMSER___________ EVSNE_________ EUJN________ WONS_______ RWMA________ DYEEDWNSA_________ TAHRE_______ NPICEL_______ ORRYS_________ DTIRE_________ YRGAN_________ OMPTUCRE_____________ TOMNH_____________ XBO___________ DMOAYN___________ AUNJRYA______________ ETHRAWE___________ GERUND El gerundio de los verbos se forma “ING” al infinitivo, suprimiendo la partícula “TO”. Going, Working, reading, saying, songerundios con la terminacion “ING”. Esta terminacion corresponde a los sufijos ando y iendo. Going – yendo, working--- trabajando, reading--- leyendo, saying--- diciendo. Si el infinitive termina en “E” se suprime la “E” antes de agregar “ING” ejemplos. Come---coming, write---writing, use---using. Exepciones: Being, Seeing. Verbos monosílabos que terminan en una sola consonante, precedida de una sola vocal, se deplicara la consonate final, antes de agregar “ING” ejemplo PUT--- PUTTING. CUT -- Cutting Jog—Jogging I’m studying Isn’t he studying? I’m not studying she Isn’t studying. Are they writing? ETC. Face______________ hand ______________ borrad _______________ Nice _____________ mark ______________ phone _______________ Car ______________ jog _______________ cut __________________ Put_______________ key ______________ boar ________________ Print ______________ finger _____________ arm _________________ Computer __________ red _______________ nail _________________ Blue _____________ date ______________ gold ________________ Write the correct answer on the blank space 1.- CINCO ____RED 2.- SHY ____VERGONSOZO 3.- GUILTY ____DIEZ 4.- BOY ____NINETEEN 5.- TEN ____HAILING 6.- STORM ____ONE HANDRED 7.- GRANISO ____COMPROMISO 8.- 101 ____FIVE 9.- 13 ____LOVE 10.- 30 ____CULPABLE 11.- 99 ____NINETY-NINE 12.- 19 ____THIRTEEN 13.- CARRO ____TIRTY 14.- ROJO ____AUTO 15.- DATE ____MUCHACHO underline the correct plural: A)Red: reds red redies B) Black: Black Blacks Blaves C)wife: Wifes wives wifies D)Mouse: mousse mousy mice E)Box: boxs boxes boxese F) Man: mans men mens G)tooth: tooths toots teeth H) Sad: sads sadies sades sad conflict of interests patent office contracting party patent pending copyright per procurationem - by proxy declarant power of attorney - proxy to declare null and void prescription to decline any responsibility principal deed of gift procedure defendant - accused protest to defraud proxy to dishonour (GB) - to dishonor (US) public officer dispute to put on record - to take minutes to draw up a contract quittance - aquittance effective date to refund - to pay back to endorse - to back to register a trademark to enforce a law registered exclusion clause - exemption clause registration charges - registration fees fair rent rent - lease - hire to file documents resolution fine responsibility - liability first mortgage revenue stamp fixed term contract to revoke fraud - swindle rights on industrial patent gentlemen's agreement royalties to give due notice rule - regulation guarantee deposit second mortgage HOW OFTEN ? ___________________________ EX How often do you sing? How often are you busy? How often dod you go to the movies ? Frequency Adverbs Always Usually Sometimes Rarely (Seldom) Never Occasionally Frequently ( Often) I always get up at 7:00 am I Never go to the office I usually eat at jack in a box they occasionally work in the mall We rarely eat liver she sometimes reads the newspaper I frequently visit my mother Likes and dislikes I like my house she doesn’t like hamburgers she dislikes chocolate He likes Salma Hayek They like Jennifer Love Helliwet We like Mark Antony It doesn’t like riding HAVE Tener y Haber I Have = I’ve He Has = he’s You have = You’ve She has = she’s We have = We’ve It has = it’s They Have = They’ve 1.- We_______ 2.- We don’t _____ 3.- He _____ 4.-he doesn’t ______ 5.- John ______ 6.- John and Mary ______ 7.- Miguel doesn’t ______ money 8.- ______ Jenifer been outside? 9.- ______ the hawks eaten today? 10.- Maribel ____ a new car 11.- does michael jordan ____ 7 nba championchips La expresión idiomática de Necesidad. La manera idiomática de expresar necesidad se forma con el verbo HAVE, seguido de un infinitivo con la partícula TO. Esto equivale a tener que, seguido del infinitivo. Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo Interrog. Neg. I have to go We don’t have to read does he have to go don’t you have to work to have full legal powers separate signature to honour (GB) - to honor (US) to settle a dispute illegal - unlawful to sign a receipt illegally signature by proxy to implement an agreement specimen signature in case of controversy subcontractor in force sublease - sublet in good faith to sublease - to sublet indictment to sue industrial property to summon witnesses to infringe to take legal action injunction to take someone to court insolvent tax fraud to invalidate tenant jointly and severally tenderer judge the regulations in force judgement third mortgage jurisprudence third-party guarantee justice trial venue lack of evidence unpatented to lapse - to be statute-barred upon notice lapsed verbal agreement law courts verdict lawyer (GB) - attorney (US) witness to lease - to rent - to let written agreement The articles A and AN Estos artículos no son Reglas de Gramática, son reglas de pronunciación. Significan A y AN (un, uno,una). No son para plurales. El artículo “A” es para palabras que inician con SONIDO de Consonante. El artículo “AN” es para palabras que inician con sonido de vocal. Ejemplo. A horse a car an apple an amaerican girl an orange An hour a universe a unicorn etc. Ejercicio: ___car _____house ____flowers _____pen ____book _____notebook ____women _____school ____ honest person ______ apple ____ hour ____unicycle _____ hairspary _____ children UNIT 9 WHAT WORD DOESN’T BELONG IN THE GROUP EXAMPLE.- 1.- A) JULY B) MAY C) SUNDAY D) APRIL 2.- A) SUMMER B) WINTER C) FALL D) COLD 3.- A) RAIN B) SNOW C) RAINY D) RAINING 4.- A) WIND B) PLUTO C) MARS D) SATURN 5.- A) DOOR B) WINDOWS C) ROOM D) GIRL 6.- A) MEN B) WOMEN C) GIRLS D)BOY 7.- A) COMPUTER B) DESK C) TEACHER D) FLOOR 8.- A) MOTHER B) FATHER C)COUSIN D) DAUGHTER E)SON 9.- A) NURSE B) DACTOR C) HOSPITAL D)AIRPLANE 10.- A) STUDENT B) STUDENTS C) SCHOOL D) FACTORY 11.- A) STEP-SISTER B) STEP-FAMILY C) STEP-FATHER D) STEP-COUSIN 12.- A) MOTHER B) FATHER C)COUSIN D) DAUGHTER E)SON 13.- A) R. MARTIN B) E. IGLESIAS C) CRISTINA AGULERA D) L. MIGUEL 14.- A) BASKETBALL B) BASEBALL C) FOOTBALL D) HOCKEY 15.- A) GIRL B) WOMAN C) LADY D) HUSBAND VOCABULARY SPACE AND THE WEATHER The Weather Warm Rain Forecast Lightning Flood Huracan Cloud Cool Storm Fog Sky Breeze Rainy Foggy Hot Snow Thunder Sunny Cold Hail Snowy Cloudy Snowing Raining Thunder Storm Hailing Electrical Storm Wet Tornado Cyclone Wind Windy Space Planet Earth Moon Star Universe Jupiter Mars Neptune Venus Mercury Sun Saturn Pluto Uranus Galaxy Black Hole Milky Way Cosmic Asteroid Meteor Comet Alien U.F.O. space shuttle spaceship Plurals. Hay 6 reglas en cuanto al manejo de plurales. 1.- A casi todas las palabras, se les agrega la “S” al final, para hacer el plural. Ejemplo: Car --- Cars, Dog ---- Dogs, Hand --- hands 2.- A las palabras terminadas en “Y” se quita la “Y” y se agrega “IES” Ejemplos: Baby --- Banies, City --- Cities, Country ---- Countries. Exepcion BOYS, Days 3.- A las palabras terminadas en “F” o “FE” se quita la “F” o “FE” y se agrega “VES” ejemplos: LIFE ---- LIVES, WIFE --- WIVES WOLF - WOLVES 4.- A las palabras terminadas en (X, Z, S, CH, SH, O, SS) se agrega “ES” ejemplos: Watch --- Watches, Box --- Boxes, Church ---- Churches. 5.- Hay algunas palabras irregulars, porque cambia totalmente su plural. Ejemplos: CHILD ---- CHILDREN MAN --- MEN FOOT --- FEET WOMAN --- WOMEN TOOTH ---- TEETH MOUSE --- MICE PERSON --- PEOPLE SHEEP – SHEEP WATER - WATER 6.- En la cuestión de adjetivos, no tienen plural, ni singular, ni femenino, ni masculino. Ejemplos happy, sad, good, red etc. Su plural es con el verbo es decir The Cari s red ---- singular the cars are red ---- plural Se fijan que el adjetivo no cambia, solo cambio el verbo y el sustantivo. Use IS or ARE 1.- The apples _____ small 2.- the car _____ red 3.- The basketball players ____ in the game. 4.- The production line ___ busy. 5.- The Mexican girl ___ beautiful. 6.- ____ Maria and Karla in the house? 7.- ___ he tall? 8.-____ she smart? 9.- _____ the players going to play? 10.- the women ____ in school? 11.- The Law _____ for everyone. 12.- Laura ____ in the mall 13.- _____ the men going to work? 14.- they ___ in school. 15.- The computer ___ in the house 16.- you ____ young 17.- the phone ____ blue 18.- we ____ in the store. A Plural Law___________ Computer____________ Black___________ Disk___________ Man________________ Happy__________ Sky____________ Ring________________ Church__________ Box____________ Wife________________ Loaf____________ Life____________ City________________ Car_____________ Cat____________ Tiger_______________ Hawk___________ Architect Bank Bank President class Clerk Company Director Conductor Dance Dance instructor doctor engineer Homemaker Language lawyer accountant name Receptionist sales man sales manager secretary Singer supervisor typist here On vacation retired and Form In SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT COUNTINUOS Recordatorio, el tiempo presente simple es del verbo BE y gerundio, y el presente continuo es del verbo DO. Tiempo Presente Simple Tiempo Presente Continuo IS, AM, ARE y Gerundio Do, Does sin gerundio I am working Are you working? Do you work? HE HE SHE IS SHE DOES IT IT I WE I THEY ARE THEY DO YOU WE YOU Use Do - Does - Is - Are Ejemplo: What does Walter usually do on Sunday? A) Where _______ Boby studying? B) When _______ Mary and Walter usually go to the bank? C) Why ________ Barbara shivering? D) ______________ Bill usually wash the dishes ? E) _________ Jack and Judy cooking dinner today? Write the correct question form Ejemplos: 1.- I’m crying because I’m sad ( Why?) Why are you crying? 2.- They play tennis in the park (where?) Where do they play tennis? 3.- She goes to the supermarket on Wednesday (When?) ___________________________ 4.- He’s yawning because he’s tired. (Why?) ___________________________________ 5.- They’re sleeping on the floor (Where?) ______________________________________ 6.- She has three children (How many?) ________________________________________ 7.- I’m drinking coffee (What?) _______________________________________________ 8.- They’re singing because they’re happy (Why?) ________________________________ 9.- He watches game shows ( What kind of?) ____________________________________ Use do, does, don’t, doesn’t , is, are, isn’t, aren’t Ejemplo: Are the Jaguares a rock group? Yes they are 1.- Does Salma Hayek make movies? Yes, ________________ 2.- Is Stephen King a writer? Yes, _______________ 3.- Do the Tigres del Norte sing country music? No, ______________ 4.- Are Star wars and Men in Black Thrillers ? No, ________________ 5.- Does James Bond have a family ? No. ______________ 6.- Is Thalia married ? yes, ______________ UNCERLINE THE CORRECT ANSWER 1.- My grammar book ( is / are ) red. 2.- Some of my books ( is / are ) on my desk. 3.- one of my books ( is / are ) blue and green. 4.- My favorite colors ( is / are ) red and yellow. 5.- Sue’s favorite color ( is / are ) green. 6.- one of my favorites colors ( is / are ) red. 7.- My best friends ( lives / live ) in Brazil. 8.- One of my best friends ( lives / live ) in Australia. 9.- Some of the students in my class ( has / have ) lap-top computers. 10.- One of the students in Pablo’s class ( has / have ) a mustache. 11.- None of the these letters ( is / are ) for you. 12.- None of this mail ( is / are ) for you. Exercise 17.- Complete the sentences with IS or ARE. 1.- Some of the children’s toys ________ broken. 2.- Most of my classmates _________ always on time for class. 3.- One of my classmates _________ always late. 4.- All of my friends ___________ kind people. 5.- One of my friends __________ Sam Brown. 6.- Most of the rivers in the world ___________ polluted. 7.- Some of the Pacific Ocean ___________ badly polluted. 8.- Most of this page __________ white. 9.- most of the pages in this book _____________ full of grammar exercises. 10.- One of the pages in this book __________ the title page. Choose the correct answer. 1.- I’m looking for a ___________ a) mittens b) pair of mittens c) umbrella d) blouses 2.- But those are____________ a) gloves green b) green gloves c) green glove d) glove green 3.- here’s an ______ hat a) very nice b) wool c) inexpensive d) pretty 4.- Those ________ are small a) gloves b) pair of gloves c) glove d) dress 5.- there’s a ________ on the chair. a) earring b) mitten c) watches d) pants 6.- I’m looking for a ______ a) socks b) striped c) jeans d) briefcase 7.- those are very expensive_______ a) dress b) watches c) sock d) necklace 8.- ________ are over there a) glasses b) purse c) blouse d) glove 9.- ______ this your earring? a) is b) are c) his d) here’s 10.- purple ________ are very popular this year a) sports jacket b) sunglass c) pajamas d) purse Underline the correct word 1.- My father’s sister is my______ a) cousin b) daughter c) grandmother d) aunt 2.- Are ________ your pencils? a) this b) those c) that d) these are 3.- There aren’t any ______ in this neighborhood a) book store b) clinic c) parks d) cafeteria 4.- those _______are large a) houses b) house c) house’s d) office 5.- she’s my ________ a) husband b) niece c) brother d) nephew 6.- ______ many windows are there in the living room? a) who b) what c) are d) how 7.- my children are doing ________ homework a) their b) there c) these d) they’re 8.- my favorite color is_______- a) broken b) blue c) big d) bag 9.- Mrs. Chen is _________ in the park a) raining b) feeding c) reading d) fixing 10.- Nice to _______ you a).- hello b) spell c) tell d) meet 11.- there aren’t any _______ here a) children b) man c) child d) parent 12.- He’s swimming _______ the beach a) in b) at c) for d) on 13.- what’s he doing? He’s ________ the rug a) watching b) vacuuming c) painting d) looking 14.- what’s your name? _______ name is Pat a) My b) His c) Her d) Your 15- what are you doing? We’re _________ a.- cook b- cooking c- our cooking d- are cooking 16.- is you DVD old? No, it isn’t. It’s ____ a- tall b- young c- quiet d) new The New Shopping Mall Everybody in Brewster is talking about the city’s new shopping mall. The mall is outside the city, next to the Brewster airport. There are more than one hundred stores in the mall. There are two big department stores for men, women, and children. There’s a book store, and there’s a video store. There are two drug stores, and there are four restaurants. There’s even a large movie theater. Almost all the people in Brewster are happy, that their city’s new shopping mall is now open, but some people aren’t happy. The owners old small stores in the old center of town are very upset. They’re upset because many people aren’t shopping in the stores in the center of town. They’re shopping at the new mall. Reading check-up 1.- Everybody in Brewster is _____ a) at the airport b) outside the city c) talking about the mall 2.- In the mall, there are ____ a) two video stores b) two drug stores c) two restaurants 3.- In the mall, there are ____ a) book stores and cafeterias b) restaurants and drug stores c) clothing stores and video stores 4.- The store owners in the center of town are upset because ____ a) people aren’t shopping in their stores b) people aren’t shopping at the mall c) they’re very old AMY’S APARTMENT BUILDING Amy’s apartment building is in the center of town. Amy is very happy there because the building is in a very convenient place. Across from the building there’s a bank, a post office, and a restaurant. Next to the building there’s a drug store and a laundromat. Around the corner from the building, there are two supermarkets. There’s a lot of noise near Amy’s apartment building. There are a lot of cars on the street, and there are a lot of people on the sidewalks all day and all night. However, Amy isn’t very upset about the noise in her neighborhood. Her building is in the center of town, It’s a very busy place, but it’s convenient place to live. Reading check-up what’s the answer 1.- where is Amy’s apartment Building? ____________________________________ 2.- what’s across from her building? _______________________________________ 3.- is there a laundromat near her building? __________________________________ 4.- why is there a lot of noise near Amy’s building? ___________________________ 5.- why is Amy happy there? _____________________________________________ TRUE OR FALSE 6.- Amy’s apartment is in a convenient place? ____ 7.- There’s a drug store around the corner from her building _____ 8.- there are two supermarkets in her neighborhood. _______________ 9.- there are a lot old cars on the sidewalk ________________ 10.- the center of town is very noisy ____ Guess the Word - Animals Instructions: Read the clue, then choose the correct word. When you are finished, click the Check button to see how you did. Click the button beside this number for the correct word number: dolphins whales parrot giraffe elephant cheetah dog ostrich tigers people Example: This animal says "meow." cat 1.- This animal has a very long neck. ____________________________ 2. This bird has a very long neck. It cannot fly. _________________________ 3. These animals have orange and black stripes. They eat meat and live in the jungle. ______________________________ 4. These animals are the largest animals in the ocean. They are not fish, they are mammals. _____________________ 5. This animal makes a good pet. It can also protect your house_________________. 6. This animal can run very fast. It lives in Africa. ___________________ 7. This animal is the largest land mammal in the world. ___________________ 8. These animals live in the ocean. They are very intelligent and playful. ______________ 9. This bird has beautiful feathers. It lives in the Amazon Jungle. _________________ 10. These animals can speak. They also study and work every day! ________________ Mixed Up Vocabulary Words - Fruit This fruit is very big: RANTEWLMEO __________________ This fruit is popular at Halloween: KPNUMIP __________________ This fruit has the name of its color: GAEORN _________________ These are yellow and very sour: OLSENM ____________________ Monkeys love these: AAABNNS _____________________ This fruit comes from Australia: IKWI ___________________ These are orange, and a little bit hairy: EESCHAP ____________________ brochure press release campaign briefing to promote campaign evaluation promoter campaign testing promotion campaign turnover promotional action caption promotional campaign cartoons promotional costs cast promotional support circulation publisher classified advertisements publishing clip radio commercial clipping agency ratings close-up readership column recall column width reportage columnist sales incentive IDIOMS DON'T GIVE UP THE DAY JOB Explicación del Modismo YOU ARE NOT VERY GOOD AT THAT. YOU COULD DEFINITELY NOT DO IT PROFESSIONALLY. Ejemplo del Modismo en Inglés #1 "I REALLY LIKE THE WAY YOU SING BUT DON'T GIVE UP YOUR DAY JOB." A CASH COW Explicación del Modismo AN EASY WAY TO EARN MONEY REGULARLY. Ejemplo del Modismo "INCOME TAX IS A REAL CASH COW FOR THE GOVERNMENT." BITE OFF MORE THAN YOU CAN CHEW Explicación del Modismo TRYING TO DO SOMETHING THAT IS TOO DIFFICULT OR TIME CONSUMING TO FINISH. Ejemplo del Modismo e "I'M GLAD YOU WANT TO PREPARE THE REPORT BY YOURSELF. JUST BE SURE THAT YOU DON'T BITE OFF MORE THAN YOU CAN CHEW." CLEAR THE AIR Explicación del Modismo DISCUSS SOMETHING THAT WAS CAUSING PEOPLE TO FEEL UPSET. Ejemplo del Modismo "THERE SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN A MISUNDERSTANDING. I'D LIKE TO EXPLAIN WHAT HAPPENED, JUST TO CLEAR THE AIR." TURN YOUR BACK ON Explicación del Modismo GIVE UP ON, OR ABANDON. Ejemplo del Modismo "I NEED YOUR HELP BUT YOU JUST TURNED YOUR BACK ON ME." NOT CUT OUT FOR Explicación del Modismo NOT SUITABLE FOR SOMETHING. Ejemplo del Modismo "HE TRIED MOUNTAIN CLIMBING BUT HE SIMPLY WAS NOT CUT OUT FOR IT." SCRAPE THE BOTTOM OF THE BARREL Explicación del Modismo THE VERY LAST, OR THE VERY WORST. Ejemplo del Modismo "THESE ARE THE LAST VOLUNTEERS WE COULD FIND. WE REALLY HAD TO SCRAPE THE BOTTOM OF THE BARREL TO FIND THEM." A CLASS ACT Explicación del Modismo SOPHISTICATED, ABOVE AVERAGE. Ejemplo del Modismo "HE OFFERED TO HELP, EVEN THOUGH HE DOESN'T KNOW ME. HE'S A REAL CLASS ACT." CLEAN UP YOUR ACT Explicación del Modismo IMPROVE YOUR BEHAVIOR. Ejemplo del Modismo "IF YOU ARE EVER GOING TO IMPROVE YOUR ENGLISH SKILLS, YOU MUST START GETTING TO CLASS ON TIME AND DOING YOUR HOMEWORK. WHY DON'T YOU CLEAN UP YOUR ACT?" object pronoums Los pronombres objetivos son: Pronombre Personal pronombre objetivo I ME MI, ME YOU YOU TE, LE, LO, LA HE HIM LE, LO SHE HER LE, LA IT IT LO, LA WE US NOS YOU YOU LES, LOS, LAS THEY THEM LES, LOS, LAS Se colocan los pronombres objetivos después de los verbos Y las preposiciones, nota que “IT” y “YOU” son iguales. Se utiliza al cierre de la oración, es como el objeto del cual Se habla (en lugar del sujeto) Ejemplos: Are you talking about me? I like him The car belongs to you he bought her a car We need to talk about us jose is as big as them When I go to the movies I like to go with you Pronombres Objetivos Pronombres Objetivos Usados Después de Verbos Usados después de preposiciones. 1.- I saw him 1.- The child went with her 2.- He helped you 2.- She looked at me 3.- they told you 3.- they spoke to us 4.- we asked them 4.- we talked to them 5.- they called us 5.- he gave the money to her 6.- my sister visited her 6.- the boys laughed at him 7.- you took it 7.- you looked for it 8.- The teacher answered me 8.- my brother waited for you 1. I can see (my mother) _____he garden. 2. He couldn’t find (my sister) ____the movies. 3. John fixed (the car) ___ and put (the car) ___ in the garage. 4. I saw (my uncle) ____ yesterday 5. We bought (the chairs) ____ for $25.00 6. Mrs. Carter gave (Jolin) ____ a new hat. 7. They looked at (Henry) ____ and (Alice) ____ 8. I answered (the teacher) _____ in Spanish. 9. Mary gave (the book) ____ to the boys. 10. I told (the boys) ______that I was mass. 11. Please don’t talk to (John and me)____ now. 12. If you want to wait for (my father and me) ____ . we can go with you. 13. Mr. Smith put (the cow and the dog) ____ in the barn. 14. What are the girls going to do with (that dirty dress)_____? How often? 1. How often do you use your computer? _______________. 2. How often do you write to your son? _________________ 3. How often do you clean your windows? _________________ 4. How often do you visit your aunt in Minnesota? __________________ 5. How often do you wash your car? ___________________ 6. How often do your grandchildren call you? ______________________ 7. How often does your boss say ¨hello¨ to you? ___________________ 8. How often do you feed the animals? ______________________. 9. How often do you think about me? ________________________. Fill in the blanks. Me him her it us you them Ex. Do you like this book? Of course I like it. 1. Do you look like you father? Yes. I look like _________ 2. When my cats are hungry, I always feed _________. 3. Sally rarely plays with her sister, but she’s playing with _____ today. 4. I say ¨hello¨to my boss every day, and he says ¨hello¨ to _____. 5. We’re going to the park. Do you want to go with _____? Unit 10 F O O D S Hot Dog candy meal(s) Hamburger Appetizer Apple fruits vegetables pie apple pie banana avocado bacon baked orange bean beef meat beer soda drink soft drink coke cocacola pepsi 7up beel pepper pepper berry beverage biscuit blueberry boiled bone chicken steak bread breaded bun burned butter cabbage cake canned carrot ketchup celery cereal cheese cheeseburger cherry chips potato potato chips chocolate pork pork chop(s) chopped cinnamon clam coconut coffee cold cuts cole slaw cookies crackers cooking cooking oil corn cottage cheese cream crispy crumbs crust lamb cucumber date dessert dressing duck egg eggplant scramble boiled easy over (egg) fried omelet fish flour French fries frosting frozen garlic gin grape grapefruit gravy green beans string beans ham hash hash browns honey hot souce souce ice ice cream ice cubes iced tea tea jam jell-o jelly juice lard lemon pineapple lentil liver lobster lime mashed potatoes mayonnaise, mayo meatball soup meatloaf milk mustard nut noodle oatmeal olive onion onion rings pea peach peanut butter pear pickle plum prune pumpkin quail rabbit raisin rare raspberry raw rice roast roast beef roll salad salt sausage seafood seasoning shrimp sliced sour spice spinach Squash stew strawberry Stuffed sugar sweet Tomato tuna turkey Veal vinegar water Watermelon well done wheat Whole wheat bread yogurt orange juice Wine sandwiches lunch Breakfast lemonade pizza Dinner groceries white bread A pound a half pound a quart Can jar bottle Box loaves a bunch A head a dozen a dish A bowl of a cup of an order of A glass of add saucepan Chop up cut up pour Slice mix a little A few bake apricot Nectarine kiwi papaya Mango fig cantaloupe Honeydew cauliflower broccoli Asparagus zucchini radish Mushroom green onion spaghetti Macaroni bologna salami Tortilla tamales popcorn tissues napkins paper tissues straws paper towels taco cocktail pudding CORRECT ANSWER A) Apple ____cebolla B) mango ____te C) berry ____ mora D) pumpkin ____cerveza E) olive ____manazana F) carrot ____ajo G) pea ____repollo H) onion _____mango I) garlic _____aceituna J) cabbage _____calabaza K) beer ______ zanahoria L) tea ______ chicharo UNSACRAMBLE THE WORDS ppale ____________ ratwbsrye ______________ lmeon ___________ gfi _________ mtoateo __________ ptoetao _______________ ieml____________ roagne______ nnaaba ___________ ragpe _______________ eachp ___________ lcryee _________ TRANSLATE carne de res______________ puerco _________________ pato _______________ tocino______________ pollo ____________ pavo______________ jamon_________ camaron _____________ pescado _____________ arroz cucumber _________ lettuce _________ grapefruit ________ watermelon ___________ radish ___________ avocado _________ coconut ________ YOU KNOW HOW COCA-COLA USED TO HAVE COCAINE IN IT? SO DID CREST _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ DRAW DRAW AN APPLE DRAW A CAR DRAW WOMEN _________________ _______________ _______________ DRAW HAMBURGER DRAW PENS DRAW A HORSE ____________________ _______________ _______________ WRITE THE CORRECT SENTENCE GO BATHROOM MAY WE TO THE ? _____________________________________ FULL WHAT IS NAME YOUR ? ___________________________________________ SLOWER TALK PLEASE ___________________________________________________ NAME WHAT MIDDLE IS YOUR ?__________________________________________ I beautiful am?____________________________________________________________ John Mary and married are?__________________________________________________ Young are you?____________________________________________________________ Mother watching is tv_______________________________________________________ buildings tax opening balance sheet business consultant - expert in commercial law opening stock - opening inventory to call a general meeting operating loss capital operating profit capital goods ordinary partnership capital increase outstanding credits capital loss overhead costs - overheads to capitalize owner cash cow product owner's equity cash flow partner - shareholder chairman of the board of directors patent chart of accounts periodical report clean factoring personnel costs closing balance plant and equipment closing stock plant and machinery company - firm to post a contra-entry company merger pre-tax profit company profitability production costs consolidated statement production value controlling company professional accountant corporate books profit and loss account (GB) - income statement (US) corporate purpose profit distribution corporate tax provision cost centre provision for doubtful accounts cost of goods sold proxy vote costs and revenues to put into liquidation credit quorum to credit an amount to quote a company credit column - credit side raw materials inventories credit note real estate current assets - floating assets records day book - journal book registered office debit and credit reserve fund - reserve debit column - debit side return on investment (ROI) debit note revenue - earnings - incomes debt revenue tax debtor revenues and expenses deed of association - company statute rounding down deferred expense - deferred charge rounding up deferred income - deferred revenue running costs - operating costs 2.- use there is or there are ________some bread ________some wine ________some celery _______ some peas ________some beers ________ some tea _____some ice cream _____ some soup 3.- put a circle around the correct word A.- crackers (is - are) expensive this week B.- My dentist says I eat too (much Many) ice cream. C.- She ate so (much – many) cookies D.- Would you care for a (little – few) That she’s going to have a stomachache. Potato chips? I bought (It – Them) this morning And (It’s – They’re) very fresh E).- (This – These) rice (is – are) delicious May I have a (little – few) more? F) How (much – many) does a pound Of apples cost? 4.- What’s the question? A.- Ex. I’m going to fix my car this afternoon (What?) What are you going to do this afternoon? B.- He’s going to cut his hair next week. (when?) ____________________________ C.- She’s going to plant flowers this spring. (when?) __________________________ D.- He’s going tom visit his grandmother because she’s sick (why?) _____________ ____________________________________________________________________ E.- They’re going to write to their brother this morning (what?) _________________ ____________________________________________________________________ F) They’re going to Madrid next summer. (where?) ___________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Coca-Cola A) Did you know (name) ___________Coca-Cola, is the world’s most popular soft drink. B) yea! (name ) __________ it was invented in 1886 by Dr. John Styth Pemberton in a back yard in Atlanta, Georgia. A) well (name) _________ His partner, was Frank M. Robinson, and he named THE DARK BROWN LIQUID Coca-cola because the two thought the name would make effective advertising. B) where was it sold for the first time ? A) for 5 cents a glass at Jacob’s Pharmacy a local drugstore. B) but did you know, that After Pemberton’s death in 1888, his rights were purchased by Asa Candler, yea sister who by 1891 had sold ownership of the formula for only $2,300. A) but, By 1895, Coca-Cola was available in every US STATE. B) that was great, and how was distributed.? A) Coca-Cola was originally distributed in syrup form and sold at soda fountain, in 1916 Coca-Cola first appeared in the world famous Coca-Cola contour bottle, still in use today. B) ok. Back In 1919 the Candler family sold Coca-Cola Company to Atlanta banker Ernest Woodruff and a group of businessmen for $ 25 Million, WOW that’s a lot of money, A) you got that right, and in 1923 his son Robert Winship Woodruff was elected President of the company. B) Coca-cola tastes great, By the 1920’s Coca-Cola was available in Europe. In 1926 The Coca-Cola Export Corporation was set up.. A) And … in 1983, Coca-Cola was quite literally out of this world, when NASA took a specially designed Coca-Cola can into space. B) In 1999, The Coca-Cola Company brought the SCHWEPPES soft drink brands, adding more choices to consumers in 160 countries ( excluding USA, The European Union Countries, but including Britain, Ireland & Greece and Norway. A) and today Coca-Cola is enjoyed in nearly 200 countries around the world. It is the most recognized trademark in the world and the second most widely understood phrase after OK! A y B) Coca-Cola – the world’s favorite soft drink! 1.- So a boy and his father, were in a car on the highway, they had and accident; a long came two ambulances and pick them up, but one took the father and the other took the son, to different hospitals. Because the boy was more injured they took him to the operating room, when the Dr. saw him; the Dr. said I can’t operate on the boy, the nurse asks why, so The Dr. answered his my son. How is this possible ? ____________________________________________________ 2.- subraya la respuesta correcta ___________ milk do you have? ______________ pens can I buy for $5? A.- How much B,. how many A.- how much B.- how many _____________ butter is there? ___________ slices of bread do you need? A.- How much B.- How many A.- How many B.- How Much UNDERLINE THE CORRECT COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS 1.- banana Count Non-Count 2.- fruit Count Non-Count 3.- apple Count Non-Count 4.- peach Count Non-Count 5.- water Count Non-Count 6.- strawberry Count Non-Count 7.- corn Count Non-Count 8.- orange juice Count Non-Count 9.- orange Count Non-Count 10.- lemon Count Non-Count 11.- chair count non-count 12.- furniture count non-count 13.- coin count non-count 14.- letters count non-count 15.- mail count non-count 16.- homework count non-count 17.- music count non-count 18.- peace count non- count 19.- Apple count non-count 20.- egg count non -count 21.- pork count non-count 22.- soup count non-count 23.- bacon count non-count 24.- butter count non-count 25.- melon count non-count 26.- bread count non-count 27.- pork shop count non-.count 28.- sandwich count non-count 7.- Ha la lista de mandado con la palabras loaf, box, jar, bottle, head, quart, can bounch. A ___________ _______ cookies A ___________ _______ bread A __________ _______ butter 2 _________ _______ wine 10 ___________ ________ beer 3 ____________ __________ bananas a ______________ ________ milk a ___________ _________ lettuce a ____________ ________ mayonnaise 8.- subraya la respuesta correcta. De las palabras que están entre paréntesis First I put a ( LITTLE / FEW ) butter into a pan. Then I chop up a ( LITTLE / FEW ) onions and a ( LITTLE / FEW ) garlic . after that, I cut up some chicken and I add ( FEW / LITTLE ) salt and a ( LITTLE / FEW ) pepper. Then I cut up a ( FEW / LITTLE ) tomatoes, and I slice a ( FEW / LITTLE ) cucumbers. TRADUCIR Honey __________ lard ____________ jelly ____________ grapefruit _________ Hash __________ celery ____________ fig __________ meatball ___________ Stew ___________ squash ___________ jam ___________ avocado__________ use LESS or FEWER. _________ wood ________ nails __________ soup ___________ cement _________ help _________ pens _______ water __________ oil __________ paint __________ glass _________ Potato chips __________ cheese _____________ salty crackers _________ rice ________ fresh vegetables _________ yogurt __________ carrots ________celery ___________spaghetti ___________ potatoes ____________ ice cream ___________ beer cans ___________ meat UNIT 11 Past tense of BE El tiempo pasado del verbo BE (am, is, are) es: de am y is es WAS. Y el pasado de ARE es WERE. En tanto la negación: WAS NOT = WASN’T WERE NOT = WEREN’T I THEY HE WE WERE SHE WAS YOU IT Afirmativo: Negativo: Interrogativo Interrg. Negativo. I WAS I WASN’T WAS I ? WASN’T I ? YOU WERE YOU WEREN’T WERE YOU ? WEREN’T YOU ? HE WAS HE WASN´T WAS HE ? WASN’T HE ? SHE WAS SHE WASN’T WAS SHE ? WASN’T SHE ? IT WAS IT WASN’T WAS IT ? WASN’T IT ? THEY WERE THEY WEREN’T WERE THEY? WEREN’T THEY ? WE WERE WE WERE’NT WERE WE ? WEREN’T WE ? I WAS SICK WERE YOU SAD? YOU WEREN’T HAPPY? WAS o WERE. we ______ very depressed last Monday. The weather _____ terrible. It ______ cold and Foggy. My wife _____ sick, and the neighbor _____ angry because my children _____ Noisy UsE Was, Were, Wasn’t, Weren’t. A) _____ Jennifer at school yesterday? B) No, she ___________. she __________ sick. A) Why ___________ Jane and Betty upset? B) They ___________ upset because the weather __________ good. A) Where __________ you and Lois last night? We called you, but you ___________ at home. B) We ____________ at the movies. A) and you ________ at the hotel, No We _______, We ________ with my friend at a party B) oh! That’s great, but my brother ________ looking for you. A) tell him sorry, but we _________ busy. And He ________ ( NEG) at home when We call, then We call my friend Lucas and he ______ there, later we went to see a movie that _______ fun, (neg) We decide to go eat, and the apples _______ delicious. Lucas _______ (neg) very hungry, and I ate all of the food. UsE Was, Were, Wasn’t, Weren’t I ________ very happy yesterday morning. The sky ________ full of birds. My sister ________ warm and sick. There ____________ flowers in the garden. There __________ a dog at the window. My daughter ___________ at school, and my husband and I _____________ on vacation. Before I Painted my room. It __________ ugly. Last week the weather _________ warm, and the children __________ young, they _______ always noisy. ________ Mary at the party last night?, yes she ___________, but she _______ having a good time. ________ Fred and Tom at the party?, no they __________ why not, Fred ________ feeling good, and Tom ________ busy, by the way Why __________ you upset last night?, because I missed the train, and I __________ late, when I arrived at the party, there __________ any food. I ________ hungry all night. What _______ Jane doing at the party? She sat in a corner. She__________ talking, and she ________ dancing, I think she __________ tired. _________ you at Roberts Party? Yes I __________. The food and the music _______ wonderful, and all my friends __________ there. REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS Los verbos regulares y irregulars, para formar su pasado, tienen siertas reglas, los regulares, se agrega “ED” o “D” al final de la palabra; pero los irregulars, NO es decir cambian totalmente su forma. Si la palabra contienen la ultima letra que se “E”, solo se agrega “D”, pero si no tiene tal letra se agrega “ED” y a los verbos que terminan en “Y” se quita la “Y” y se agrega “IED” Para la pronunciación de la terminación “ED” hay 3 Reglas 1.- si la palabra termina en “D” o “T” la terminación “ED” se pronuncia como una silaba más. ejemplo visit visited pronunciation visited wait waited want wanted need needed 2.- si la palabra termina con sonido de “C, CH, F, K, P, S, SH, X” la terminación “ED” se pronuncia como “T”, incorporando el sonido de la “T” en la pronunciación de la ultima sílaba, o cuando el verbo conste de una sola sílaba en esta misma.. Ejemplo: Ask ---- asked pronunciation askt like ---- liked pronunciation likt Look ---- looked lookt talk ---- talked talkt 3.- en todos los demás casos, la terminación “ED” se pronuncia, haciendo muda la “E” ejemplo call ---- called pronunciation cald clean ----- cleaned cleand Y study studied stay stayed clap clapped Worry worried play played stop stopped Cry cried enjoy enjoyed Verbos Regulares SOME VERBS : Administrate answer appreciate Arrive ask attend Attract beg believe Belong board boil Bother broil build Cable call carry Change chat claim Clean climb close Collect compete complete Confirm consider continue Constitute contradict cook Copy invite introduce Inspect import hurry Hope help happen Guess greet furnish Fry flatter finish Fill fasten extend Expect excuse exchange Examine entertain enter Enjoy employ eliminate Effect dress dream Discuss die demand Decorate declare decide Deal cross join Provide land pull Learn reach like Receive list recommend Live reduce look Register love mail Regulate manufacture mark Relax remember mention Rent miss represent Move require reserve Return note obtain Sail open save Order separate overlook Serve share shave Shoot owe pack Paint park show Sign perform pick Plan play smell Smoke spread snow Prefer start stop Present stay study Prepare print suggest Process supply produce Suppose promise surprise Prove sweep vote Wait talk thank Tip walk want Waste toss watch Touch travel weep Weigh welcome wish Work worry wrap Treat try turn Type unpack use visit IRREGULARS VERBS Son los que cambian totalmente su forma. No hay regla especifica, hay que aprenderlos. Algunos Verbos Irregulares: PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO Be Was, Were BEEN Beat beat BEATEN Become became BECOME Begin began BEGUN Break broke BROKEN Blow Blew BLOWN Bring brought BROUGHT Buy bought BOUGHT Can could --------------- Catch caught CAUGHT Choose chose CHOSEN Come came COME Cost cost COST Cut cut CUT Dig dug, digged DUG Do did DONE Drink drank DRUNK Drive drove DRIVEN Eat ate EATEN Fall fell FALLEN Feed fed FED Feel felt FELT Fight fought FOUGHT Fly flew FLOWN Forget forgot FORGOTTEN Go went GONE Go back went back GONE BACK Freeze froze FROZEN Get got GOTTEN Get up got up GOTTEN UP Give gave GIVEN Grow grew GROWN Hang hung HUNG Have had HAD Hear heard HEARD Hit hit HIT Hold held HELD Hurt hurt HURT Keep kept KEPT Know knew KNOWN Lay laid LAID Lead led LED Leap lept, leaped LEAPT Leave left LEFT Lend lent LENT Let let LET Lie lay LAIN Lose lost LOST Make made MADE Sale, for sale sold SOLD May might --------- Mean meant MEANT Meet met MET Must ---------- ---------- Ought ought ----------- Pay paid PAID Put put PUT Read read READ Put on put on PUT ON Ride rodE RIDDEN Ring rang RUNG Rise rose RISEN Run ran RUN Say said SAID See saw SEEN Sell sold SOLD Send sent SENT Set set SET Sew sewed SEWN Shake shook SHAKEN Shall should ------------ Shine shone SHONE Sing sung, sang SUNG Shrink shrank, shrunk SHRUNKEN Sink sunk SUNK Sit sat SAT Sleep slept SLEPT Speak spoke SPOKEN Spend spent SPENT Stand stood STOOD Steal stole STOLEN Swim swam SWUM Swing swung SWUNG Take took TAKEN Teach taught TAUGHT Tear tore TORN Tell told TOLD Think thought THOUGHT Understand understood UNDRESTOOD Wake woke, waked WAKED Wet wet WET Wear wore WORN Will would --------- Win won WON Write wrote WRITTEN 1.- Coloca una “R” si el verbo es Regular. Coloca una “I” si el verbo es Irregular _____Add ____ deal ____ was, were ___begin ____help _____cut ____change ____cook ____bring ___cost ___love ____come ____call ____put ____mail ____get ____copy ___sing II.- Pon en presente los siguientes verbos. __________wet __________worked _______paid _______set _______played _______blew ______wanted _____gave ______did _______opened _____lived III.- 3.- Pon los siguientes verbos en pasado. __________agree ______call ______ chat _______become _______catch _______leap _______ride _______lose ________sleep _________wish 31 Utiliza el : Could - couldn’t - can - can’t When I first arrived in this country. I was embarrassed because I ___________ speak English. Now I’m happy because I __________ English very well. ______________ betty read when she was three years old? Yes she ___________ she was very bright. We __________________ finish our dinner last night because we were too full. My brother is very talented. He ____________ speak three languages. Lois ___________ buy anything at the store because she didn’t have any money. When I was young, I ______________ go dancing every night. I was very energetic. Sherley is upset because her younger sister ___________ sing beautifully, and she ___________________. __________________ Stuart go to school yesterday? No, he ___________. He was too sick. Mary _____________ play on the basketball team when she was young because she was too short, but she wasn’t upset because she _____________ play on the baseball team. ED or -ING He's such a monotonous speaker. I was ________________ stiff. (bored / boring) Most sequels are ________________. (disappointed / disappointing) had such a ________________ day I went straight to bed. (tired / tiring) I don't like watching ________________ films on my own. (depressed / depressing) I was ________________ when she told me she got divorced. (amazed / amazing) He's such a ________________ guy. He only ever talks about himself. (bored / boring) No one knew what would happen next. We were all __________ (intrigued / intriguing) WHAT DID EVERYBODY DO? Bark clean cry drink eat ride sing sit skate write 1. a. what did James do today? b. __________ his apartment all day. 2. what did your sister to day? b. __________ letters all morning. 3. a. what did Mr. and Mrs. Porter do yesterday? b. ___________ songs all evening. 4. a. what did you and your friends do today? b. _____ in the park all afternoon. 5. a. what did Linda do yesterday? b. _______ lemonade all morning. 6. a. what did jimmy do today? b. _______ candy and cookies all day. 7. a. what did Mrs. Maso´n children do today? b. __________ all afternoon. 8. a. what did the neighbors dogs do yesterday? b. ___________ all night. 9. a. what did Howard do yesterday? b. ________ in the clinic all evening. 10. a. what did Grandma do today? b. ________ her bicycle all afternoon. GROUP A: final -ed is pronounced t after voiceless sounds: 1. walked 5. watched 9. kissed 13. laughed 2. worked 6.touched 10. erased 14. coughed 3. cooked 7.washed 11.helped 4. asked 8. finished 12.stopped 15. I _________ TV. Last night. 16. Anna ________ to class yesterday instead of taking the bus. 17. I __________ the diry diches after dinner last night. 18. Jim __________ the board with an eraser. 19. Ribert loves his daughter. He __________ her on the forehead. 20. the joke was funny. We at the funny story. 21. the rain _________ a few minutes ago. The sky is clear now. 22. I worked for theree hours last night. I __________ my homework about nine o´clock. 23. Steve __________ my shoulder with his hand to get my attencion. 24. Mr. Wilson in his garden yesterday morning. 25. Judy __________ because she was sick. She had the flu. 26.Don is a good cook. He _________ some delicious food last night. 27. Linda _________ a question in class yesterday. 28. I had a problem with my homework. The teacher _________ me before class. GROUP B: final- ed is pronounced /d/ after voiced sounds: 1.rained 5. smiled 9. enjoyed 2. signed 6. sneezed 10. snowed 3. shaved 7. closed 4. arrived 8.played 13. it´s Winter. The ground is white because it _________ yesterday. 14. Anita ________ in this city three weeks ago. She _______ at the airport on September 3 rd. 15. The girls and boys __________ baseball after school yesterday. 16. When all got a new credit card, he ________ his name in ink on the back of the card. 17. Rick used to have a beard, but now he doesn´t. he ______ this morning. 18. The students´tedt papers were very good. The teacher, Mr. Jackson, was very pleased. He ________ when he returnes the test papers. 19. I ________ the party las night. It was fun. I had a good time. 20. the window was open Mr. Chan ________ it because it was cold outside. 21. The streets were wet thid morning because it _________ last night. 22. Achoo! When Judy ___________Ken said Bless you, Oscar said, gesundheit. Enjoy clap carry rub stay fail wait cry smiled 6.- We ______ the play at theater last night. It was very good. 7.- At the theater las night, the audience ________ when the play was over. 8.- Ann ______ her suitcases to the bus station yesterday. They weren’t heavy. 9.- The baby _______ her eyes because she was sleepy. 10.- ______ home and watched a sad movie an TV last night. I ________ at the end of the movie. 11.- Mike _______ his examination last week. His grade was “F”. 12.- Jane _______ at the children. She was happy to see them. EXERCISE 14: Write the correct spelling of the –ed form. Then write the correct pronunciation of the –ed form: /t/, /d/, or/ ed/. -ED FROM 1. Wait wait -- / ed / 2. spell spell -- / d / 3. kiss kiss -- / t / 4. plan _______ _______ 5. join _____ ________ 6. hope ___ _________ 7. drop __ _______ 8. add ___ ________ 9. point _____ _______ 10. pat ___ _____ 11. shour ___ ______ 12. reply ___ _____ 13. play ____ ______ 14. tuch ____ _____ 15. end ____ :_____ EXERCISE 21: Complete the sentences. Use the words in parentheses. Use SIMPLE PRESENT, PRESENT PROGREESSIVE, or SIMPLE PAST. Pay attention to spelling and pronunciation. I (get) ____ up at eight o’clock yesterday morning. Mary (talk) ____ to John on the phone last night. Mary (talk) ____ to John on the pone right now. Mary (talk) ____ to John on the phone every day. Jim and I (eat) ___ lunch at the cafeteria two hour ago. We (eat) ____ lunch at the cafeteria every day. I (go) ___ to bed early last night. My roommate (study) ____ spanish last year. Sue (write) _____ a letter to her parents yesterday. Sue (write) _____ a letter to her parents every week. Sue is in her room right now. She (sit) ___ at her desk. Maria (do) ____ her homeworklast night. Yesterday I (see) ____ Fumiko at the library. I (have) ___ a dream last night. I (dream) ____ about my friends. I (sleep) _____ for eight hours. A strange thing (happen) _____ to me yesterday. I couldn’t remember my own telephone number. My wife (come) _____ home around five every day. Yesterday she (come) _____ home at 5:15. Our teacher (stand) ____ in the middle of the room right now. Our teacher (stand) _____ in the front of the room yesterday. Tom (put) _____ the butter in the refrigerator yesterday. He (put) ____ the milk in the refrigerator every day. Pablo usually (sit) ____ in the front row. Today he (be) _ absent. He (be) _____ absent two dayss ago too. Complete de sentences. Use the past form of the verbs in the list. Blow Grow Swim Draw Hurt Throw Fall Keep Win Feel Know 1. A: Did you enjoy tennis game with Jackie? B: Yes,but I lost. Jackie ________ 2. A: how did you break your leg? B: I ____l down on the ice on the sidewalks. 3. A: Ouch! B: Whats the matter? A: I _____ my finger B: How? A: I pinched in the door. 4. A: did you give the box of candy to your girlfriend? B: no, I didn’t. I _____ it and are it myself. 5. A: That’s nice picture. B: I agree. Anna _____it. She’s good artist. 6. A: Did you have garden when you lived at home? B: Yes. I _____ vegetables and flowers. 7. A: Did you finish the test? B: No. I didn’t have enough time. I _____ all of the answers but I ran out of time. 8. A: Did you have fun at the beach? B: Lost of fun. We sunbathed and ______in the ocean. 9. A: I burned my finger. B: Did you put ice on it? A: No. I _____ on it. 10. A: What’s the matter ? You sound like you have a frog in your thoat. B: I think I’m catching a cold. I _____ okay. Yesterday, but I don’t feel very good today. 11. A: How did you beak the window, Tommy? B: Well, I _____ a ball to Annie, but I missed Annie and hit window instead. Complete de sentences. Use the past form of the verbs in the list. Catcht leave grow spend steal sing win Met know fall throw brake fly wear Cost see loose make begin take 1. When I went to the airport yesterday. I ________a taxi. 2. I _______ my winter jacket yesterday because I was cold 3. Tom bought a new tie. It _______a lot because it was a hand-painet silk tie. 4. Laurie doesn’t feel good. She _______ a cold a couple of days ago. 5. Leo could read the story easly. The words in the story weren’t new for him. He _____the vocabulary in the story. 6. I know Ronald Sawyer. I _____ him at a party a couple of weeks ago. 7. My hometown is Ames, Iowa. I _____up there. 8. I dropped my book. It _______ to the floor. 9. Ken couldn’t get into his apartment because he _____his keys. 10. We _____ a lot of money at the restaurant last night. The food was good, but expensive. 11. The baseball player ________ the ball to the catcher. 12. I wrote a check yesterday. I _______a mistake on the check, so I tore it up and wrote another one. 13. Someone _______ my bicycle, so I called the police. 14. Maggie didn’t tell a lie. She _____ the truth. 15. Rick ______ his arm when he fell on the ice. 16. We were late for the movie. It _____al 7:00, but we didn’t get there until 7:15. 17. We _______songs at the party last night and had good time. 18. I _____ to Chicago last week . The plane was only 5 minutes late. 19. My plane _______al 6:30 and arrived al 8:45. 20. We played a soccer game yesterday . The other team _____We lost. Balance mess rewind tournament Delete misunderstood scrap unemployed Files move out slipped wallpaper Hamster passport suspect wisdom 1. My father is wearing a cast on his leg. He lost his ________ and fell off a ladder. 2. Don’t forget to take your _______ with you when you when you leave the country. 3. The paiter says we need new _______ in our living room. 4. The police finally arrested the _____ in all the robberies in our neighbourhood. 5. My son is growing up. Last week he learned how to ______ his shoes. 6. I’m sorry, I missed your barbecue last week. It completely_______ my mind. 7. Edward couldn’t finish making his cake. He ran out of __________. 8. many people need to have their _________ teeth removed. 9. It’s difficult for parents to adjunst when their children grow up and ______ on their own. 10. The McDonalds had to get rid of their cat because Mr. McDonald was ______ to it. 11. It isn’t good idea to ______ your job if the economy isn’t good. 12. My friends and I did our homework incorrectly. We must have __________ the directions. 13. Our _______ got out of its cage and made a big mess in the kitchen. 14. Hers. You can use this. It’s just a piece of ______ paper. 15. I hope I find a job soon. I hate being _______. 16. Cindy is a talented athlete. She won the school tennis __________ again. 17. Before you use the VCR, you need to _________ the tape 18. be carefull. Don’t hit the wrong key ________ all the ______ on your computer. c) SOME, ANY, NO, NONE. Some: alguno, algunos, alguna, algunas. Any: Algún, Alguna, Algunos, Algunas. No: no; ningún None. Ninguno. Some: Se emplea SOME como adjetivo o pronombre. En sentido afirmativo. Se emplea como adjetivo cuando va acompañado de sustantivo, y como pronombre, se refiere a algo ya mencionado o sobreentendido. 1.- He has some books. El tiene algunos libros 2.- He has some. El tiene algunos 3.- He wants some coffee El quiere cafe 4.- He wants some El quiere 5.- Some of the boys came Algunos de los muchachos vinieron Any Se emplea ANY, como adjetivo o pronombre, cuando el verbo esta en negativo o en pregunta. Como adjetivo ANY siempre va acompañado de un sustantivo y como pronombre, siempre se refiere a algo ya mencionado o sobreentendido. 1.- He doesn’t have any book el no tiene ningún libro 2.- he doesn’t have any el no tiene 3.- he doesn’t want any coffee el no quiere cafe 4.- he doesn’t want any el no quiere 5.- does he have any books? Tiene algunos librps? 6.- does he have any ? tiene algunos? 7.- doesn’t he want any coffee? No quiere café? Ejercicio: Some y Any 1.- Is there ______ bread in the kitchen? 2.- Yes, there’s _____ bread in the kitchen 3.- No, there isn’t _____ bread in the kitchen 4.- I’m going to buy ______ for dinner 5.- Do you see ______ people on the street? 6.- yes, I see ____ 7.- No, I don’t see ________ 8.- Did they give you _____money? 9.- No, they didn’t give me _____money 10.- yes, they gave us ______. No y None. Se emplean las palabras No y NONE, cuando el verbo esta en afirmativo, pero el sentido de la oración es negativo. ( NO) siempre va ir acompañado de un Sustantivo. (none) que es un pronombre no lleva ningun sustantivo, sino que se referira a algo ya mencionado o sobreentendido. Las palabras NO y NONE equivalen a Not.. Any; 1.- he has no book ( he doesn’t have any book) el no tiene ningun libro 2.- He has none ( he doesn’t have any) el no tiene 3.- he wants no coffee ( he doesn’t want any coffee ) el no quiere café. 4.- he wants none ( he doesn’t want any ) el no quiere 5.- None of the boys came ninguno de los muchachos vino Ejercicio. No y None 1.- he says he has ______book 2.- Did he say he has ______? 3.- No, he says he has _______ 4.- Did he say he had _______ pencil? 5.- No, he said he had______book 6.- we have _____books 7.- How much money do you have ? I have _____ 8.- How much money do you have? I have _____ money 9.- How much time do you have? I have _______. 10.- How much time do you have? I have ______ time EJERCICIO: ANY, SOME, NO, NONE. 1.- Did you see _______ Americans? 2.- No, I didn’t see _________ 3.- I saw _______ in Acapulco. ( afir) 4.- Didn’t you see _______ in the hotel del Prado? 5.- No, I dind’t see ______ in the hotel del Prado, but I saw _______ on the street. 6.- I saw ______ Americans (neg) 7.- No, I saw________ 8.- Do you have ______ children? 9.- No, we have ______ 10.- No, we have _______ children 11.- Yes, we have _____ children. 12.- No, we don’t have _______ children, but they have ________. 13.- They have _______ children ( affirm), but we have ________ 14.- We have ______ children (neg) but they have ________ 15.- We don’t have ________, but they have _________ 16.- Does john have _______ brothers? 17.- No, he doesn’t have _______ brothers, but he has _______ sisters. 18.- No, John has _______ brothers, but he has _______ sisters. 19.- Do you have _______ sisters? 20.- Yes, I have ______ sisters, but _______ brothers. SOMETHING, ANYTHING, , NOTHING SOMETHING ALGO. ALGUNA COSA. ANYTHING ALGO, ALGUNA COSA NOTHING NADA, NINGUNA COSA Se esa con las mismas reglas, de Some, Any, Not…Any, Nothing, cuando el verbo es afirmativo, pero el sentido de la oración es negativa. 1.- he wants something el quiere algo 2.- something happened algo pasó 3.- he doesn’t want anything no quiere nada 4.- he wants nothing no quiere nada 5.- nothing happened nada paso, no paso nada Ejercicio anything, something, nothing 1.- they don’t have ___________ 2.- they don’t have _______ but I have _______ 3.- we have ________ (neg). 4.- she has ______ to do (neg) 5.- Don’t you have _________ to do? 6.-No, I don’t have ________ to do. 7.- Did he buy _________ in New York? 8.- Did she saw _______ under the bed? 9.- No, she saw _______ under the bed. 10.- we had ________ to eat this morning (neg) 11.- Did she say _______ to you? SOMEBODY ( SOMEONE ) , ANYBODY ( ANYONE ), NOBODY ( NO ONE ) SOMEBODY ( SOMEONE ) ALGUIEN, ALGUNA PERSONA ANYBODY ( ANYONE) ALGUIEN, ALGUNA PERSONA NOBODY ( NO ONE ) NADIE, NINGUNA PERSONA PARA EL USO DE ESTAS PALABRAS SE USAN LAS MISMAS REGLAS ANTERIORES. EJERCICIO: ANYBODY ( ANYONE), SOMEBODY ( SOMEONE ) NOBODY ( NO ONE ) 1.- Did __________ come this afternoon? 2.- yes, ________ came this afternoon 3.- I didn’t see _________ 4.- Wasn’t _________ there? 5.- Don’t tell ________ 6.- Did you tell __________? 7.- You can ask_______ 8.- He’s going to visit __________ 9.- Do you know ________ in Monterrey ? 10.- We see ________ n the garden ( neg) SOMEWHERE ( SOME PLACE ), ANYWHERE ( ANY PLACE ), NOWHERE ( NO PLACE ) SOMEWHERE ( SOME PLACE ) ALGUNA PARTE, ALGÚN LADO. ANYWHERE ( ANY PLACE ) ALGUNA PARTE, ALGÚN LADO. NOWHERE (NO PLACE ) NINGUNA PARTE, NINGÚN LADO. Estas palabras se usan con las mismas reglas anteriores. Ejercicios: anywhere (any place), somewhere ( some place ), nowhere ( no place). 1.- Are you going ________? 2.- Yes, I’m going _________ 3.- no, I’m not going ________ 4.- No, I’m going __________ 5.- He took her ___________ yesterday. ( affirm ) 6.- Did he take her _________ yesterday? 7.- Why doesn’t he ever take her ________? 8.- Don’t take her __________ 9.- He’s going to put it ____________ 10.- Is he going to put it __________? 11.- Let him go ________ with her. 12.- Let’s go _________ tonight 13.- Nobody went _________ last night. 14.- Why didn’t you go __________ on Sunday? EVERYTHING , EVERYBODY ( EVERYONE ) , EVERYWHERE ( EVERY PLACE ) EVERYTHING TODO, TODAS LAS COSAS EVERYBODY ( EVERYONE ) TODOS, TODO EL MUNDO, EVERYWHERE ( EVERY PLACE) POR, A, EM TODAS PARTES Se emplean estas palabras en todos los sentidos ( afirmativo, negative, interrogative, interrogative negative ). 1.- Do you have _________? (todo) 2.- Is _____________ here? (todos) 3.- ( todo el mundo ) __________ wants to go 4.- Did you look ___________? ( por todas partes ) 5.- We looked for the children ( por todos lados )__________ 6.- Did you ear ( todo )________? 7.- Is ( todos ) __________ listening to me ? 8.- There are grass and trees ( por todos lados ) _____________ 9.- My father does ( todo ) _________. 10.- Let’s invite ( todo el mundo ) ___________ 11.- ( todos ) ________ is sick 12.- ( todo ) __________ happens to him. 13.- ( todo el mundo ) __________ is doing something 1.- I don’t like Richard. He never says ( anyone / anything ) nice about ( anybody / nobody ). 2.- If you look in the phone book, I’m sure you’ll find ( anybody / somebody ) who can fix your TV 3.- ( Anyone / Someone ) ate all the yogurt in the refrigerator. 4.- ( Everything / Everybody ) is pretty expensive there. 5.- May I have ( anything / something ) for my headache. 6.- Do you want ( anything / anybody ) else to eat ? 7- I need ( some / any ) loaf of bread and ( any / some ) spaghetti 8.- Please get ( some / any ) bananas and ( some / any ) strawberries. 9.- We don’t need ( some / any ) meat or eggs 10.- Where are ( you / he ) and Betty ? 11.- ( Is / His ) David busy ? 12.- yes, ( He’s / his ) cleaning ( he’s / his ) room. 13.- where’s the cat ? ( It’s / Its ) in the kitchen ( It’s / Its ) eating ( its / it’s ) dinner 17.- Is there ( anything / something ) wrong with my car ? 18.- Look ( anybody / somebody ) ate all the ice cream 19.- that’s terrible ( anybody / nobody ) will be able to have it for dessert tonight. IV.—some or any. 1.- I can see a house, a lake and _______________ trees. 2.- We've got one dog, two cats and _______________ fish. 3.- I like _______________ songs by Ricky Martin but not all of them. 4.- There are _______________ chocolate biscuits in the cupboard. 5.- I can't find _______________ books about dinosaurs. 6.- Natalia hasn't got _______________ friends in Athens. VIII.- Subraya la respuesta correcta de las palabras que están entre paréntesis. 1.- I don’t like Richard. He never says ( anyone / anything ) nice about ( anybody / nobody ). 2.- There’s ( anything / something ) wrong with my car. 3.- Is there ( anyone / anything ) I can do to help? 4.- No, I’m afraid ( nobody / somebody ) can help me. 5.- Look ( anybody / somebody ) ate all the ice cream 6.- that’s terrible ( anybody / nobody ) will be able to have it for dessert tonight. IX.- Use the correct word. 1.- He took ( todo) _________. 5.- My parent’s always let me do ( todo ) ___________ 6.- She tought ( en todas partes ) _________ in México. 8.- They woke up ( todos ) _______ in the house 10.- ( todo el mundo ) ___________ is going to be hungry. X- Use the words ANY, SOME, NO, NONE 1.- There’s _______ milk in the house. (neg) 2.- That’s why I couldn’t drink _______ for breakfast 3.- I didn’t drink ________ either 4.- Did you drink ________? 5.- No, I didn’t drink __________ because there was _______ in the house XI.- Use anything, something, nothing. 6.- There’s _________ ( afir ) in the kitchen, and we have__________ ( neg) for dinner 7.- No, there isn’t _______ in the kitchen, and we have __________ ( neg) for dinner 8.- I didn’t have _________ to eat for breakfast, but I’m going to have ________ to eat for dinner 9.- Don’t you have ________ to do? 10.- No, I have ________ to do. XII.- C.- USE anybody ( anyone), somebody ( someone ), nobody ( no one ). 1.- Did you talk to ________? 2.- No, there was ________ to talk to. 3.- Wasn’t there ________ in the living room to talk to? 4.- Yes, there was ________ in the living room to talk to, but __________ spoke English 5.- I’m going to invite ________ that speaks English. XIII .- Use ANYWHERE ( ANY PLACE ), SOMEWHERE ( SOME PLACE ), NOWHERE ( NO PLACE ). 1.- I want to go _________ tomorrow 2.- I don’t want to go _________ tomorrow 3.- Do you want to go _______ tomorrow? 4.- No, I want to go _________ tomorrow 5.- Nobody wants to go _________ tomorrow What happened on 9-11-‘01 ? _____________________________________________________________ Which is the State Capital of California U.S.A. ________? a) Oackland b) San Diego c) Los Ángeles d) San Francisco e) Sacramento Whose face appears on the one dollar bill ? a) B. Franklin b) T. Jefferson c) A. Lincoln d) G. Washington e) A. Jackson Which is the capital of Arizona ? a) finix b) fenix c) phonix d) phoenix e) phoeneix What’s the name of the Lincoln’s Memorial ? _________________________________________________________________ brochure press release campaign briefing to promote campaign evaluation promoter campaign testing promotion campaign turnover promotional action caption promotional campaign cartoons promotional costs cast promotional support circulation publisher classified advertisements publishing clip radio commercial clipping agency ratings close-up readership column recall column width reportage columnist sales incentive commercial salesforce promotion commercial break script communication shop display communication plan shop sign comparative advertising shop window complimentary copy short consumer acceptance short commercial consumer advertising sketch consumer promotion sky-writing copywriter slide corporate advertising slogan corporate campaign socio-economic groups creative department sponsor creativity to sponsor cross advertising sponsorship daily paper spot direct advertising storyboard door-to-door advertising strategic planning economy size strengthening of the campaign buildings tax opening balance sheet business consultant - expert in commercial law opening stock - opening inventory to call a general meeting operating loss capital operating profit capital goods ordinary partnership capital increase outstanding credits capital loss overhead costs - overheads to capitalize owner cash cow product owner's equity cash flow partner - shareholder chairman of the board of directors patent chart of accounts periodical report clean factoring personnel costs closing balance plant and equipment closing stock plant and machinery company - firm to post a contra-entry company merger pre-tax profit company profitability production costs consolidated statement production value controlling company professional accountant corporate books profit and loss account (GB) - income statement (US) corporate purpose profit distribution corporate tax provision cost centre provision for doubtful accounts cost of goods sold proxy vote costs and revenues to put into liquidation credit quorum to credit an amount to quote a company credit column - credit side raw materials inventories credit note real estate current assets - floating assets records day book - journal book registered office debit and credit reserve fund - reserve debit column - debit side return on investment (ROI) debit note revenue - earnings - incomes debt revenue tax debtor revenues and expenses deed of association - company statute rounding down deferred expense - deferred charge rounding up deferred income - deferred revenue running costs - operating costs deferred tax semifinished goods inventories depreciable assets to set up a company depreciation share capital (GB) - capital stock (US) depreciation allowance - capital allowance shareholders' meeting depreciation fund - amortization fund shareholders register double entry shareholders’ calling entry stamp duty entry date state-controlled enterprise equity tax statement of account - account statement expenditure - outflow - expense statutory balance expense centre stocks and work in progress (GB) - inventories (US) expense receipt subscribed capital - underwritten capital extraordinary meeting subsidiary false accounting subsidiary company - controlled company false factoring substitutive tax fee take-over to fill in a VAT return tax final balance tax accounting to finance tax assessment financial leasing tax audit - tax inspection financial management tax base financial resources tax credit financial statement tax exemption - tax allowance financing - funds tax payer finished products inventories tax rate fiscal year - financial year tax register fixed assets (GB) - capital assets (US) tax return - income tax return fixed costs tax revenue fully paid-up capital taxable value - assessment general accounting taxation general partner taxes and dues general partnership - ordinary partnership temporary balance goodwill expenses - start-up costs total current assets gross margin trial balance gross operating margin value added tax (VAT) gross operating profit variable costs gross profit VAT return - VAT declaration in the black to veto income tax withholding tax industrial accounting cost year-end inventory 1.- My grammar book ( is / are ) red. 2.- Some of my books ( is / are ) on my desk. 3.- one of my books ( is / are ) blue and green. 4.- My favorite colors ( is / are ) red and yellow. 5.- Sue’s favorite color ( is / are ) green. 6.- one of my favorites colors ( is / are ) red. 7.- My best friends ( lives / live ) in Brazil. 8.- One of my best friends ( lives / live ) in Australia. 9.- Some of the students in my class ( has / have ) lap-top computers. 10.- One of the students in Pablo’s class ( has / have ) a mustache. 11.- None of the these letters ( is / are ) for you. 12.- None of this mail ( is / are ) for you. 1.- We ___ the chance to visit many museums in Paris last vacation. a. had b. had had c. have had d. had have e. have f. has 2.- We ___ the chance to ______ many museums in Paris last vacation. a. had--- visited b. had -- visit c. have-- visit d. has - -- visit 3.- I wish I ___ a millionaire so I could travel all over the world. a. was b. had c. were d. are e. is f. did 4.- He ___ to class this morning because he was sick. a. didn't come b. hadn't come c. hasn't come d. didn’t came e. hadn’t came f. hasn’t came 5.- She ______ a headache for several hours. a) was b) did c) didn’t d) were e) have f) has g) had Underline the correct answer My friend Bob Jones ( have / has / had / was / were ) a motorcycle accident on Highway 41 yesterday. Fortunately, a passing police officer ( see / seeing / saw / seeded ) saw him ( lie / lieing / laying / laid ) on the side of the road and ( call / calls / called / calling ) an ambulance. He ( take / taken / taking / taked / took / takes ) to the nearest hospital. He ( were / was / is / are ) fine now even though he ( have / having / has / hasing / had / hading ) a broken leg and bruises all over. His doctor expects to release him ( in / ago / next / last ) three days. Bob ( tell / told / tells / telling ) me that he ( was / were / wasn’t / weren’t ) speeding. He ( says / said / saied ) that the accident ( was / were / did / had ) because of the bad condition of the road. 18.- the car he _______ two minutes ago. Is an old Mercedes a) drive b) drives c) driven d) drove e) driving 19.- where are you ______ Jim? a) doing b) go c) do d) does e) did f) going g) went h) gone 20.- Michael Jordan ___________ go out on a date last year because he was to young. a) couldn’t b) can’t c) aren’t d) isn’t e) has f) had g) was 21.- Shhh. Ken _______ on the phone right now a) talks b) can talk c) are talking d) talking e) talked 22.- stapler a) auto b) Tijeras c) engrapadora d) stanpilla 23.- scissors a) navajas b) jaladeras c) tijeras d) alambres 24.- gossip a) detallado b) marcador c) chisme d) tapete 1.- Sandpaper a) papel de dibujo b) lija c) papel de cofre d) papel de techo e) lima 2.- Syrup a) medicina b) jarabe c) pastilles d) mofle 3.- Ointment a) locion b) crema c) pomade d) toques 4.- spark plugs a) enchufes b) bujillas c) entradas d) tapaderas Unit 12 Health Stomachache toothache backache earache Sore throat cold medicine nose drops Yeast diarrhea vomiting dehydration Infection spots rashes allergies Asthma fever coughs choking Nosebleeds burns convulsions shock Breaks sprains injuries drowning Poisoning suffocation hiccups heart attack Heartburn sick sun burn cut FLU FAMILY MEMBERS Family Wife, husband Baby Parents Father Mother Child Son Daughter Sister Brother Dad Mom Daddy Mommy Cosin niece granparents Aunt nephew grandmother Uncle children kids grandmamma Relatives grand mom Grandma Grandfather Grandpa Gradson Granddaughter Grandchildren Grandchild Grandkids STEP Step- parents Step-father Step-mother step-dad step-mom step-daughter step-children step-sister step-brother GOD God-daughter God-son God-parents God-mother God-father God-children BODY PARTS 1.face 2.mouth 3.chin 4.neck 5.shoulder 6.arm 7.upper arm 8.elbow 9.forearm 10.armpit 11.back 12.chest 13.waist 14.abdomen 15.buttocks 16.hip 17.leg 18.thigh 19.knee 20.calf THE HAND 21.wrist 22.knuckle 23fingernail 24.thumb 25.index finger 26.middle finger 27.ring finger 28.little finger 29.palm THE HEAD 30.hair 31.part 32.forehead 33.sideburn 34.ear 35.cheek 36.nose 37.nostril 38.jaw 39.beard 40.mustache 41.tongue 42.tooth 43.lip THE EYE 44. eyebrow 45.eyelid 46.eyelashes 47.iris 48.pupil FOOT 49.ankle 50.heel 51.instep 52.ball 53.big toe 54.toe 55.little toe 56.toenail THE INTERNAL ORGANS 57.brain 58.spinal cord 59.throat 60.windpipe 61.esophagus 62.muscle 63.lung 64.heart 65.liver 66.stomach 67.intestines 68.vein 69.artery 70.kidney 71.pancreas 72.bladder SHOULD AND SHOULDN’T Should expresa la idea de un consejo, una recomendación, de lo que se hace normalmente en una situación normal. Should significa DEBERIA. Ejemplo: - YOU SHOULD READ A FEW BOOKS IN ENGLISH DEBERIAS LEER ALGUNOS LIBROS EN INGLES - I SHOULD HAVE PHONED DEBERIA YO HABER LLAMADO La negación es NOT en tanto que should + not = should not, contracción = shouldn’t FUTURE GOING TO WITH VERB BE El futuro idiomático es una manera idiomática para expresar tiempo en el futuro. Se necesitan tres cosas para formar este tiempo. 1 el presente del verbo BE, 2 la palabra GOING, 3 un infinitivo TO AFIRMATIVO NEGATIVO I’m going to work tomorrow I’m not going to work He’s going to get up early He isn’t going to get up early They’re going to visit their parents We aren’t going to teach English verb Sustantivo o Pronombre aux Is he going to get up? Are they going to visit? (where) am I going to work? INTERROGATIVO NEGATIVO. verb sustantivo o pronombre aux Isn’t he going to work? Aren’t they going to visit? (why) aren’t they going to teach? Ejercicio verbal I’m going to work You’re going to eat He’s going to help She’s going to wash We’re going to study You’re going to teach They’re going to wake up That boy is going to read This girl is going to go. These children are going to come Those men are going to fix the car. 4.- FUTURE WILL Es un verbo auxiliary para expresar el futuro, se usa para pedir un favor, para expresar una decision firme, una negación . WILL afirmativo WILL NOT Negativo o contracción WON’T Es decir: Cortes: Will you please closet he door? Desición Firme: I will learn to speak English Negación de no hacer algo: Children won’t go to bed early? Tiempo Presente: Do you study? Estudias Will you study? estudiaras Does he study? Will he study? Can I study? Will I study? WILL Will se usa para todos los pronombres: I, You, He, She, It, We, They, ------ will come tomorrow. Ya sea en afrimativo o en negativo I, You, He, She, They, We, It--------------------- will not (won’t) come tomorrow Preguntas: Es Will + Pronombre o sustantivo Will (I, You, He. She, It, We, They) come tomorrow? Respuestas cortas Yes, ( I, YOU, HE, SHE, IT, WE, THEY) will No, “ “ won’t Contraciones. Pronunciacion. I Will ----------------------I’LL aill You will ------------------you’ll iull She will ------------------she’ll chil-l He will ------------------- he’ll hill It will --------------------- It’ll i-tol We will ------------------ we’ll uil-l They will --------------- they’ll deyl-l Bob + Will = Bob’ll The teacher will = the teacher’ll 6.- Use GOING TO or WILL 1.- I’m ____________ get a hamburger 2.- _______ I go to the movies? 3.- Thalia _________ buy a dog 4.- Paulina is ____________ sing 5.- Spiderman and batman are ___________ the beach 6.- _______ Wonder woman and Super girl got to the dance ? 7.- Are the X-Men ______________ do their homework? 8.- Superman _______ marry Louise Lane 9.- Salma Hayek is ___________ make a movie 10.- ________ Alejandro Fernandez sing his songs tomorrow?