INGLES IV UNSON SIDE BY SIDE Negocios apuntes adicionales al libro

UNIVERSIDAD DE SONORA CAMPUS NOGALES INGLES 4 COPIAS ADICIONALES AL LIBRO TEACHER: LIC LUIS ALEJANDRO BASURTO ALVAREZ EL PRESENTE PERFECTO El tiempo presente perfecto que es “HAVE Y HAS” se utiliza con algún verbo en PARTICIPIO SI NO HA PARTICIPIO, EN PASADO COMO TODOS LOS VERBOS REGULARES, PERO LOS IRREGULARES LA MAYORIA TIENEN PARTICIPIO. I, YOU, THEY, WE ( HAVE ) (HAVEN’T) HE, SHE, IT (HAS) (HASN’T) EJEMPLO: I HAVE MAILED THE GIFT, JACK HAS MAILED THE GIFT REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS Los verbos regulares y irregulars, para formar su pasado, tienen siertas reglas, los regulares, se agrega “ED” o “D” al final de la palabra; pero los irregulars, NO es decir cambian totalmente su forma. Si la palabra contienen la ultima letra que se “E”, solo se agrega “D”, pero si no tiene tal letra se agrega “ED” y a los verbos que terminan en “Y” se quita la “Y” y se agrega “IED” Para la pronunciación de la terminación “ED” hay 3 Reglas 1.- si la palabra termina en “D” o “T” la terminación “ED” se pronuncia como una silaba más. ejemplo visit visited pronunciation visited wait waited want wanted need needed 2.- si la palabra termina con sonido de “C, CH, F, K, P, S, SH, X” la terminación “ED” se pronuncia como “T”, incorporando el sonido de la “T” en la pronunciación de la ultima sílaba, o cuando el verbo conste de una sola sílaba en esta misma.. Ejemplo: Ask ---- asked pronunciation askt like ---- liked pronunciation likt Look ---- looked lookt talk ---- talked talkt 3.- en todos los demás casos, la terminación “ED” se pronuncia, haciendo muda la “E” ejemplo call ---- called pronunciation cald clean ----- cleaned cleand Verbos Regulares ALGUNOS VERBOS : Administrate answer appreciate Arrive ask attend Attract beg believe Belong board boil Bother broil build Cable call carry Change chat claim Clean climb close Collect compete complete Confirm consider continue Constitute contradict cook Copy invite introduce Inspect import hurry Hope help happen Guess greet furnish Fry flatter finish Fill fasten extend Expect excuse exchange Examine entertain enter Enjoy employ eliminate Effect dress dream Discuss die demand Decorate declare decide Deal cross join Provide land pull Learn reach like Receive list recommend Live reduce look Register love mail Regulate manufacture mark Relax remember mention Rent miss represent Move require reserve Return note obtain Sail open save Order separate overlook Serve share shave Shoot owe pack Paint park show Sign perform pick Plan play smell Smoke spread snow Prefer start stop Present stay study Prepare print suggest Process supply produce Suppose promise surprise Prove sweep vote Wait talk thank Tip walk want Waste toss watch Touch travel weep Weigh welcome wish Work worry wrap Treat try turn Type unpack use visit Abandon Abandonar Abolish Abolir Absolve Absolver Absorb Absorber Abuse Injuriar Accede Acceder Accelerate Acelerar Accent Acentuar Accept Aceptar Accuse Acusar Accustom Acostumbrar Achieve Llevar a cabo Acquire Adquirir Act Actuar Add Sumar Address Dirigir Admire Admirar Admit Admitir Adore Adorar Adorn Adornar Advance Avanzar Advertise Anunciar Advise Aconsejar Affirm Afirmar Agree Acceder Allow Permitir Amount Ascender/cantidad Amuse Divertir Announce Anunciar Annoy Molestar Answer Contestar Apologize Excusarse Appear Aparecer Appoint Nombrar Approach Acercarse Approve Aprobar Arrange Arreglar Arrive Llegar Ask Preguntar Assure Asegurar Astonish Asombrar Attack Atacar Attempt Intentar Attend Asistir Attract Atraer Avoid Evitar Bathe Bañarse Beg Rogar, pedir Believe Creer Belong Pertenecer Blame Culpar Book Reservar Call Llamar Carry Llevar Cash Cobrar Cease Cesar Change Cambiar Check Comprobar Claim Reclamar Clean Limpiar Clear Aclarar, limpiar Climb Trepar Close Cerrar Collect Recoger Comb Peinar Combine Combinar Command Mandar Commit Cometer Compare Comparar Complain Quejarse Compose Componer Conceal Ocultar Consider Considerar Consist Consistir Contain Contener Continue Continuar Copy Copiar Correct Corregir Cough Toser Count Contar Cover Cubrir Cross Cruzar Crown Coronar Cry Gritar, llorar Damage Dañar Dance Bailar Dawn Amanecer Deceive Engañar Decide Decidir Declare Declarar Defend Defender Deliver Entregar Desire Desear Despise Despreciar Destroy Destruir Detach Separar Develop Desarrollar Devote Dedicar Devour Devorar Discover Descubrir Dislike Desaprobar Disturb Perturbar Divide Dividir Drag Arrastrar Drop Dejar caer Dry Secar Earn Ganar Elect Elegir Employ Emplear Enclose Incluir Encourage Animar End Terminar Enjoy Disfrutar Enter Entrar Establish Establecer Esteem Estimar Evoke Evocar Exchange Cambiar Expect Esperar Explain Explicar Explode Estallar Expose Exponer Express Expresar Extract Extraer Fail Fallar Fear Temer Fetch Ir por Fill Llenar Finish Acabar Fish Pescar Fit Ajustar Fix Fijar Float Flotar Fold Doblar Follow Seguir Found Fundar Gain Ganar Gamble Jugar Gather Recoger Govern Gobernar Grant Conceder Greet Saludar Guard Guardar Guess Adivinar Handle Manejar Hang Ahorcar Happen Suceder Hate Odiar Heat Calentar Help Ayudar Hire Alquilar Hope Esperar Hunt Cazar Hurry Apresurarse Imagine Imaginar Imply Implicar Import Importar Impress Impresionar Improve Mejorar Include Incluir Increase Aumentar Inquire Averiguar Intend Proponerse Invent Inventar Invite Invitar Iron Planchar Join Unir Joke Bromear Jump Saltar Justify Justificar Kick Cocear Kill Matar Kiss Besar Knock Golpear Land Aterrizar Last Durar Laugh Reír Lie Mentir Like Gustar Listen Escuchar Live Vivir Look Mirar Love Amar Lower Bajar Maintain Mantener Marry Casarse Measure Medir Mend Componer Mention Mencionar Move Mover Name Nombrar Note Notar Notice Notar, darse cuenta Number Numerar Obey Obedecer Oblige Obligar Oblige Obligar Occupy Ocupar Offer Ofrecer Open Abrir Order Ordenar Organize Organizar Pack Empaquetar Paint Pintar Pass Pasar Permit Permitir Place Colocar Play Jugar Please Agradar Possess Poseer Practise Practicar Prefer Preferir Prepare Preparar Present Presentar Produce Producir Promise Prometer Propose Proponer Pull Tirar de Punish Castigar Push Empujar Rain Llover Reach Alcanzar Receive Recibir Refer Referir Refuse Rehusar Relieve Aliviar Remain Permanecer Remember Recordar Remind Recordar Remove Quitar Rent Arrendar Repair Reparar Repeat Repetir Reply Replicar Report Informar Request Suplicar, requerir Require Requerir Rest Descansar Return Volver Rush Precipitarse Sail Navegar Save Ahorrar Seem Parecer Sharpen Afilar Shout Gritar Sign Firmar Smile Sonreír Smoke Fumar Sound Sonar Start Empezar Stop Parar Study Estudiar Suffer Sufrir Suggest Sugerir Suppose Suponer Surprise Sorprender Talk Hablar Tame Domesticar Taste Probar Tire Cansar Touch Tocar Test Probar Thank Agradecer Tie Atar Translate Traducir Travel Viajar Trouble Molestar Trust Confiar Try Probar Turn Girar Unite Unir Use Usar Vary Variar Visit Visitar Wait Esperar Walk Andar Want Querer Wash Lavar Watch Vigilar Weigh Pesar Wish Desear Work Trabajar Worry Preocuparse Wound Herir VERBOS IRREGULARES Son los que cambian totalmente su forma. No hay regla especifica, hay que aprenderlos. Algunos Verbos Irregulares: PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO Be Was, Were BEEN Beat beat BEATEN Become became BECOME Begin began BEGUN Break broke BROKEN Blow Blew BLOWN Bring brought BROUGHT Buy bought BOUGHT Can could --------------- Catch caught CAUGHT Choose chose CHOSEN Come came COME Cost cost COST Cut cut CUT Dig dug, digged DUG Do did DONE Drink drank DRUNK Drive drove DRIVEN Eat ate EATEN Fall fell FALLEN Feed fed FED Feel felt FELT Fight fought FOUGHT Fly flew FLOWN Forget forgot FORGOTTEN Go went GONE Go back went back GONE BACK Freeze froze FROZEN Get got GOTTEN Get up got up GOTTEN UP Give gave GIVEN Grow grew GROWN Hang hung HUNG Have had HAD Hear heard HEARD Hit hit HIT Hold held HELD Hurt hurt HURT Keep kept KEPT Know knew KNOWN Lay laid LAID Lead led LED Leap lept, leaped LEAPT Leave left LEFT Lend lent LENT Let let LET Lie lay LAIN Lose lost LOST Make made MADE Sale, for sale sold SOLD May might --------- Mean meant MEANT Meet met MET Must ---------- ---------- Ought ought ----------- Pay paid PAID Put put PUT Read read READ Put on put on PUT ON Ride rodE RIDDEN Ring rang RUNG Rise rose RISEN Run ran RUN Say said SAID See saw SEEN Sell sold SOLD Send sent SENT Set set SET Sew sewed SEWN Shake shook SHAKEN Shall should ------------ Shine shone SHONE Sing sung, sang SUNG Shrink shrank, shrunk SHRUNKEN Sink sunk SUNK Sit sat SAT Sleep slept SLEPT Speak spoke SPOKEN Spend spent SPENT Stand stood STOOD Steal stole STOLEN Swim swam SWUM Swing swung SWUNG Take took TAKEN Teach taught TAUGHT Tear tore TORN Tell told TOLD Think thought THOUGHT Understand understood UNDRESTOOD Wake woke, waked WAKED Wet wet WET Wear wore WORN Will would --------- Win won WON Write wrote WRITTEN PRESENTE PASADO PARTICIPIO PASADO TRADUCCIÓN Arise Arose Arisen Surgir, Levantarse Awake Awoke Awoken Despertarse Be/ am, are, is Was / Were Been Ser / Estar Bear Bore Borne / Born Soportar, dar a luz Beat Beat Beaten Golpear Become Became Become Llegar a Ser Begin Began Begun Empezar Bend Bent Bent Doblar Bet Bet Bet Apostar Bind Bound Bound Atar, encuadernar Bid Bid Bid Pujar Bite Bit Bitten Morder Bleed Bled Bled Sangrar Blow Blew Blown Soplar Break Broke Broken Romper Breed Bred Bred Criar Bring Brought Brought Traer Llevar Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast Radiar Build Built Built Edificar Burn Burnt /Burned Burnt / Burned Quemar Burst Burst Burst Reventar Buy Bought Bought Comprar Cast Cast Cast Arrojar Catch Caught Caught Coger Come Came Come Venir Cost Cost Cost Costar Cut Cut Cut Cortar Choose Chose Chosen Elegir Cling Clung Clung Agarrarse Creep Crept Crept Arrastrarse Deal Dealt Dealt Tratar Dig Dug, Digged Dug Cavar Do (Does) Did Done Hacer Draw Drew Drawn Dibujar Dream Dreamt / Dreamed Dreamt / Dreamed Soñar Drink Drank Drunk Beber Drive Drove Driven Conducir Eat Ate Eaten Comer Fall Fell Fallen Caer Feed Fed Fed Alimentar Feel Felt Felt Sentir Fight Fought Fought Luchar Find Found Found Encontrar Flee Fled Fled Huir Fly Flew Flown Volar Forbid Forbade Forbidden Prohibir Forget Forgot Forgotten Olvidar Forgive Forgave Forgiven Perdonar Freeze Froze Frozen Helar Get Got Got / Gotten Obtener Give Gave Given Dar Go (Goes) Went Gone Ir Grow Grew Grown Crecer Grind Ground Ground Moler Hang Hung, Hanged Hung Colgar Have Had Had Haber o Tener Hear Heard Heard Oir Hide Hid Hidden Ocultar Hit Hit Hit Golpear Hold Held Held Agarrar Celebrar Hurt Hurt Hurt Herir Keep Kept Kept Conservar Know Knew Known Saber Conocer Kneel Knelt Knelt Arrodillarse Knit Knit Knit Hacer punto Lay Laid Laid Poner Lead Led Led Conducir Lean Leant Leant Apoyarse Leap Leapt Leapt Brincar Learn Learnt / Learned Learnt / Learned Aprender Leave Left Left Dejar Lend Lent Lent Prestar Let Let Let Permitir Lie Lay Lain Echarse Light Lit Lit Encender Lose Lost Lost Perder Make Made Made Hacer Mean Meant Meant Significar Meet Met Met Encontrar Mistake Mistook Mistaken Equivocar Overcome Overcame Overcome Vencer Pay Paid Paid Pagar Put Put Put Poner Read Read Read Leer Ride Rode Ridden Montar Ring Rang Rung Llamar Rise Rose Risen Levantarse Run Ran Run Correr Say Said Said Decir See Saw Seen Ver Seek Sought Sought Buscar Sell Sold Sold Vender Send Sent Sent Enviar Set Set Set Poner(se) Sew Sewed Sewed / Sewn Coser Shake Shook Shaken Sacudir Shear Shore Shorn Esquilar Shine Shone Shone Brillar Shoot Shot Shot Disparar Show Showed Shown Mostrar Shrink Shrank Shrunk Encogerse Shut Shut Shut Cerrar Sing Sang Sung Cantar Sink Sank Sunk Hundir Sit Sat Sat Sentarse Sleep Slept Slept Dormir Slide Slid Slid Resbalar Smell Smelt Smelt Oler Sow Sowed Sowed / Sown Sembrar Speak Spoke Spoken Hablar Speed Sped Sped Acelerar Spell Spelt Spelt Deletrear Spend Spent Spent Gastar Spill Spilt / Spilled Spilt / Spilled Derramar Spin Spun Spun Hilar Spit Spat Spat Escupir Split Split Split Hender / partir / rajar Spoil Spoilt / Spoiled Spoilt / Spoiled Estropear Spread Spread Spread Extender Spring Sprang Sprung Saltar Stand Stood Stood Estar en pie Steal Stole Stolen Robar Stick Stuck Stuck Pegar Engomar Sting Stung Stung Picar Stink Stank/Stunk Stunk Apestar Stride Strode Stridden Dar zancadas Strike Struck Struck Golpear Swear Swore Sworn Jurar Sweat Sweat Sweat Sudar Sweep Swept Swept Barrer Swell Swelled Swollen Hinchar Swim Swam Swum Nadar Swing Swung Swung Columpiarse Take Took Taken Coger Teach Taught Taught Enseñar Tear Tore Torn Rasgar Tell Told Told Decir Think Thought Thought Pensar Throw Threw Thrown Arrojar Tirar Thrust Thrust Thrust Introducir Tread Trod Trodden Pisar, hollar Understand Understood Understood Entender Undergo Underwent Undergone Sufrir Undertake Undertook Undertaken Emprender Wake Woke Woken Despertarse Wear Wore Worn Llevar puesto Weave Wove Woven Tejer Weep Wept Wept Llorar Wet Wet Wet Mojar Win Won Won Ganar Wind Wound Wound Enrollar Withdraw Withdrew Withdrawn Retirarse Wring Wrung Wrung Torcer Write Wrote Written Escribir EJERCICIO : USA EL VERBO CORRESPONDIENTE Y EL VERBO HAVE O HAS 1.- I _____ _______ THE TOWN IMURIS ( VISIT ) 2.- SHE ______ _______ THE MOVIES YESTERDAY ( SEE ) 3.- _______ I ______ SICK ? ( WAS, WERE ) 4.- THEY _____ _____ TO THE U.S. ( WAS, WERE ) 5.- WE _____ ______ TO THE PRESIDENT ( SPEAK) 6.- HE ______ ______ LIVING HERE FOR FIVE YEARS (WAS, WERE) 7.- THEY _____ JUST ________ (GO) EJERCICIO 2 : COMPLETA LO QUE FALTA 1.- PAUL AND BERRY ______ ________ SPANISH SINCE 3 WEEKS. 2.- SALMA AND SOFIA ______ SEEN A MOVIE 3.- MICHAEL AND ROBERT __________ ________ IN BRITAIN SINCE MARCH 4,.- VERONICA ________ (NEG) _________ TO HER PARENTS 5.- MADONNA _______ _______ IN LONDON FOR 2 YEARS 6.- BRAD PITT ________ (NEG) ________ A MUSEUM 7.- RAUL AND SERGIO _______ _______ ON THEIR CAR 8.- LUZ ELENA AND MARIBEL ________ (NEG) ________ THEIR HAIR 9.- WHAT ______ BEN AND JENIFER ___________ IN BEVERLY HILLS? 10.- WHERE ______ CRISTINA AGUILERA _______ HER HIT FIGHTER 11.- _______ (NEG) YOU AND FERNANDO _________ BASKETBALL? El Pretérito El pretérito (pasado) se utiliza para referir acciones o situaciones del pasado. EL PASADO SIMPLE (Simple Past) El pasado simple funciona de manera similar al Presente simple, salvo que empleamos el auxiliar 'did' para todas las personas (incluida la tercera persona singular 'he/she/it'). En la forma afirmativa, el auxiliar 'did' no aparece, empleando en su lugar la erminación 'ed'. Esta es la forma de pasado para todos los 'Verbos Regulares' Existe un amplio conjunto de verbos que no cumplen esta condición, es decir, para la forma afirmativa no emplean la terminación 'ed' sino que su forma es irregular. No siguen ninguna regla, por lo que la única manera de conocer su forma de pasado es aprenderla. Se denominan 'Verbos Irregulares'. AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA I playedYou playedHe playedWe playedYou playedThey played Yo juguéTú jugasteÉl jugóNosotros jugamosVosotros jugasteis Ellos jugaron I did not playYou did not playHe did not playWe did not playYou did not playThey did not play Yo no juguéTú no jugasteÉl no jugóNosotros no jugamosVosotros no jugasteis Ellos no jugaron INTERROGATIVA INT.-NEGATIVA Did I play?Did you play?Did he play?Did we play?Did you play?Did they play? ¿Jugué?¿Jugaste?¿Jugó?¿Jugamos?¿Jugasteis?¿Jugaron? Didn't I play?Didn't you play?Didn't he play?Didn't we play?Didn't you play?Didn't they play? ¿No jugué?¿No jugaste?¿No jugó?¿No jugamos?¿No jugasteis?¿No jugaron? USO DEL PASADO SIMPLE a.) Para acciones pasadas. Indican el período de tiempo durante el que se desarrolló y completó una acción ya finalizada. Es habitual que vaya acompañado de un adverbio de tiempo. I bought this car last year / Compré este coche el año pasado b.) Para expresar una acción indeterminada en el pasado: They used pencils and paper / Utilizaron lápices y papel c.) Para expresar una acción habitual en el pasado They never drank alcohol / Nunca bebían alcohol d.) Puede servir para expresar una condición improbable. If I saw her, I should speak to her / Si le viera le hablaría EL PASADO CONTINUO (Past Continuous) Su estructura se forma con el pretérito del verbo auxiliar to be + el gerundio del verbo que se quiere conjugar. I was playing / Estuve jugando Para la forma negativa se añade la 'not' al auxiliar I was not playing / No estuve jugando En la forma interrogativa se invierte el orden del sujeto y el auxiliar: Was I playing? / ¿Estuve jugando? USO DEL PASADO CONTINUO a.) Para expresar una acción que se estaba desarrollando en el pasado pero cuyo fin no conocemos o carece de importancia: It was raining / Estaba lloviendo b.) Para expresar dos acciones que se desarrollan simultáneamente I was reading the newspaper while I was walking home / Estaba leyendo el periódico mientras volvía a casa caminando c.) Para expresar dos acciones que se desarrollan en el pasado, una de las cuales tuvo su comienzo antes que la otra: When I arrived John was talking on the phone / Cuando llegué John estaba hablando por teléfono. EL PRETÉRITO PERFECTO (Present Perfect) El pretérito perfecto, se forma con el presente del verbo 'have' a modo de auxiliar y el participio pasivo del verbo que se conjuga según la siguiente construcción: to have + participio del verbo a conjugar I have playedYou have playedHe has playedWe have playedYou have playedThey have played Yo he jugadoTú has jugadoÉl ha jugadoNosotros hemos jugadoVosotros habéis jugadoEllos han jugado La forma interrogativa, se obtiene anteponiendo el auxiliar al sujeto. Have you played? / ¿Has jugado? En la forma negativa se coloca 'not' después del auxiliar: He has not played / Él no ha jugado La forma interrogativa-negativa tiene la construcción auxiliar + not + sujeto Haven't you played? / ¿No has jugado? USO DEL PRETÉRITO PERFECTO (Present Perfect) El ‘present perfect simple’ conecta / une el pasado y el presente de una manera parecida al pretérito perfecto en español. Si decimos que algo ha ocurrido ('has happened'), pensamos del pasado y del presente a la vez como si hiciesemos un puente del pasado al presente. Ejemplo:- I can’t do my homework because I’ve lost my book.- No puedo hacer mis deberes porque he perdido mi libro. Así que muchas veces podemos cambiar una frase del ‘present perfect simple’ al ‘present simple’ y queda con un significado parecido.I’ve lost my book I don’t have it nowHave you seen the new Leonardo Di Caprio film Do you know it .Your sister has left the door open The door is open now Hasn’t Danny got married yet? Is he still single?I’ve finally found a job I have a job nowUsamos el present perfect simple para acciones en el pasado que tienen un significado o relevancia en la actualidad.I’ve passed my driving test! / He aprobado el exámen de conducirHave you seen the gorgeous new secretary? / ¿Has visto a la atractiva nueva secretaria?A terrorist has bombed a bus (acción en el pasado que tiene un significado ahora)Adolf Hitler bombed London (no tiene relevancia ahora) EL PRETÉRITO PERFECTO PROGRESIVO (Present Perfect Continuous) Tiene la siguiente construcción: sujeto + pretérito perfecto de 'to be' + gerundio I have been playing / He estado jugandoHe has been playing / Él ha estado jugando En la forma negativa se coloca 'not' después del auxiliar: I have not been playing / No he estado jugando La forma interrogativa, se construye invirtiendo la posición del sujeto y el auxiliar: Have I been playing? / ¿He estado jugando? La forma interrogativa-negativa sigue la misma construcción que en el pretérito perfecto Haven't I been playing? / ¿No he estado jugando? USO DEL PRETÉRITO PERFECTO PROGRESIVO Se usa cuando se quiere expresar el sentido de la continuidad de una acción que ha comenzado en el pasado, que dura todavía en el presente y que incluso puede continuar en el futuro. I have been studying English for two years / Estudio inglés desde hace dos años(y continúo estudiándolo en la actualidad) TIME EXPRESSIONS (Las expresiones de tiempo) El ‘present perfect’ es usado frecuentemente con las siguientes expresiones de tiempo: Ever and never Have you ever been to Scotland? / ¿Has estado alguna vez en Escocia?I’ve never eaten paella. / Nunca he comido paella.Just I’ve just made tea, would you like a cup? / Acabo de hacer té. ¿Quieres una taza?Ana and Jesús have just had a baby / Ana y Jesús acaban de tener un niño.Recently and latelyI’ve recently passed the F.C.E. exam and I’m studying for the C.A.E.Acabo de aprobar el exámen de FCE y estoy estudiando para el CAE.Have you seen John lately? / ¿Has visto a John ultimamente?So farI’ve had three beers so far this evening and it’s only eight o’clock!He tomado hasta ahora tres cervezas esta tarde y sólo son las ocho.Yet and already'yet' - normalmente se utiliza en frases interrogativas y va al final de la oración . Se usa cuando esperamos que algo va a pasar en el futuro, no en el pasado ni en el presente. Have you done your homework yet? / ¿Has terminado ya los deberes?I don’t think Manoli has done the shopping yet. / Creo que Manoli todavía no ha hecho la compra.'already' - se usa en frases afirmativas e interrogativas y normalmente va detrás de los verbos auxiliares o modales y delante de los demás verbos. Con 'already' decimos que algo está en el presente o el pasado, no en el futuro. Yes, I’ve already finished my homework / Sí, ya he terminado mis deberes En Inglés británico yet y already acompaña habitualmente a los tiempos perfectos. En Inglés Americano prefieren usar los tiempos pasados. Compara:Have you phoned your mother yet? (UK) Did you phone your mother yet? (USA)I’ve already phoned her (UK) I already phoned her (USA)Since and for'For' - (how long something has lasted) Se usa para decir cuánto tiempo ha durado una acción. En español suele decirse ‘desde hace’. We’ve had this computer for about six months. / Tenemos esta computadora desde hace unos seis meses.'Since' - (when something started) Se usa como una referencia a un punto de tiempo cuando algo empezó. En español suele decirse ‘desde’ o ‘desde que’.We’ve had this car since January / Tenemos este coche desde enero.Comparar:I’ve known Eric since 1989. I’ve known Eric for 15 years (si estamos en 2004) 1 - Cambia el tiempo verbal a 'past simple' en las siguientes frases, siguiendo el ejemplo: 1. We love England We loved England2. They don't like the film 3. They work on a farm 4. Do you work in this factory? 5. Where do you live? 6. I don't like Tokyo 7. Does he play the guitar? 8. I don't study French 9. They hate waiting 10. Does your son study here? 2 - Completa las frases escribiendo el tiempo de pasado que proceda. 1. He his motorbike when he suddenly felt ill. (ride)2. We the television when it suddenly stopped working. (watch)3. When the ambulance came they him inside. (put)4. I to the radio when the phone rang. (listen)5. When I arrived, they hello but continued studying. (say) 3 - Cambia las siguientes frases del ‘present perfect’ a frases con un significado parecido en el ‘present simple’ poniendo el verbo entre paréntesis. Sigue el ejemplo.Luis has bought a new computer (have) 1. I’ve written the report. (finish) 2. Angeles has lost her keys. (not find) 3. Have you seen Ruben? (be) 4. I’ve bought a new camera. (have) 5. The secretary has gone to lunch. (not be) 6. We haven’t cleaned the flat. (be) 7. I’m sorry, I’ve forgotten your name. (not remember) 8. Figo has broken his leg. (be) 9. Carolyn’s had a baby. (have) 10. The Pope has died. (be) 4 - Pon ‘since’ o ‘for’ en los espacios en blanco.1. I’ve lived in Valencia - ? -sinceforfive years.2. Angeles and I have known each other - ? -sincefor1998.3. I haven’t eaten anything - ? -sinceforbreakfast.4. My parents have been married - ? -sinceformore than fifty years. 5. Israel has been an independent country - ? -sincefor1948.6. I’ve been really busy. I haven’t been out - ? -sinceforabout two weeks.7. We haven’t seen Luis and Manoli - ? -sinceforlast Tuesday.8. Graham has had his Porsche - ? -sincefornearly a year.9. Danny has been in Michigan - ? -sincefortwo years.10. I haven’t had a good steak - ? -sinceforages. 5 - Ahora escríbe frases con ‘since’ y ‘for’ siguiendo el ejemploCraig and Angeles live together. They started living together five years ago.Craig and Angeles have been living together / have lived together for five years.1. Graham has a Porsche. He bought it two years ago.2. Deek is studying German. He started in 1999.3. Luis and Craig started working on La Mansión del Inglés in 2001.4. Cathy is in Cuba. She went there three weeks ago.5. Tom plays the saxophone. He began last March.6. Craig teaches English. He started in 1991. 1.- Coloca una “R” si el verbo es Regular. Coloca una “I” si el verbo es Irregular _____Add ____ deal ____ was, were ___begin ____help _____cut ____change ____cook ____bring ___cost ___love ____come ____call ____put ____mail ____get ____copy ___sing II.- Pon en presente los siguientes verbos. __________wet __________worked _______paid _______set _______played _______blew ______wanted _____gave ______did _______opened _____lived III.- 3.- Pon los siguientes verbos en pasado. __________agree ______call ______ chat _______become _______catch _______leap _______ride _______lose ________sleep _________wish V.- Usa WAS o WERE. we ______ very depressed last Monday. The weather _____ terrible. It ______ cold and Foggy. My wife _____ sick, and the neighbor _____ angry because my children _____ Noisy VI.- Usa Was, Were, Wasn’t, Weren’t. A) _____ Jennifer at school yesterday? B) No, she ___________. she __________ sick. A) Why ___________ Jane and Betty upset? B) They ___________ upset because the weather __________ good. A) Where __________ you and Lois last night? We called you, but you ___________ at home. B) We ____________ at the movies. A) and you ________ at the hotel, No We _______, We ________ with my friend at a party B) oh! That’s great, but my brother ________ looking for you. A) tell him sorry, but we _________ busy. And He ________ ( NEG) at home when We call, then We call my friend Lucas and he ______ there, later we went to see a movie that _______ fun, (neg) We decide to go eat, and the apples _______ delicious. Lucas _______ (neg) very hungry, and I ate all of the food. I.- Usa Do - Does - Is - Are Ejemplo: What does Walter usually do on Sunday? A) Where _______ Boby studying? B) When _______ Mary and Walter usually go to the bank? C) Why ________ Barbara shivering? D) ______________ Bill usually wash the dishes ? E) _________ Jack and Judy cooking dinner today? F) Do they have any pets? Yes, they ___ 4.- EL VERBO “TO BE” EN PASADO MAS EL PASADO PARTICIPIO. Ej..- I wrote these answers These answers were written by me. 1.- the school cheerleader hit me. I __________ _____________ by the cheerleader 2.- the movie matrix beat x-men x-men _________ ____________ by the matrix 3.- Leonardo sees often Jennifer Pok. Jennifer _______ ________ often with Leonardo 4.- my wife beats him all day he ________ _____________ by his wife 5.- the news article surprises me. I __________ _____________ by the news article 6.- the story fascinates Kim. Kim _________ ____________ by the story 7.- Mary helps me often. I _______ often ___________ by Mary 8.- The client ordered a package. A package _______ ____________ by the client 9.- My sister bought these shirts. These shirts ________ ___________ by my sister 5.- SUBRAYA LA RESPUESTA CORRECTA. Since I first ___________ him, I have never noticed anything rude in his behavior. a) meet b) met c) have meet d) have met e) am meeting f) has meet The concert was wonderful; I wish you __________ a) coming b) to have come c) had come d) came e) come f) to come My dad _______ not _________ our telephone bill. a) had – pay b) have - pay c) had – paid d) have – paid e) having - pay I am very happy to ___________ your invitation. a) except b) accept c) axept d) accepted e) excepted f) acept Have you ________ about the _________ news ? a) hear – last b) heard – next c) hear – next d) heards – last e) heard - last 6.- Utiliza el verbo Have o Has con el participio correcto. a) ______ you ever _________ a big horse ? b) ______ Jowana ever _______ late for an important appointment? c) _______ the Lakers ever _______ their championship ? d) ________ Aracely Arambula ever _______ in Nogales ? e) ________ they ever ________ a house on fire ? f) __________ the x-men ever _______ where they parked their plane? 2.-.- READ THIS NEWSPAPAER AND COMPLETE WITH THE VERBS. HAD LIFTED RAN RENTED SAID SAW SPENT SWAM WAS A group of tourists on a tour of the Grand Canyon ___________ a free helicopter ride on a recent vacation. The group ___________ a boat for a ride through the canyon, but the boat _________ into a rook and sank. The tourists _________ to the shore and ___________ the night in a cave. The next morning, a rescue team in a helicopter ___________ them and __________ them out of the canyon. It _________ the best part of the tour _________ all the tourists. 3.- I let her __________ what she likes. a) to do b) to did c) do d) doing e) done 4.- I _________ him for years a) known b) have known c) knew d) am knowing 5.- He _________ a new garage door. a) make b) made c) bad c) is made d) is bad e) has made 6.- I don’t know where ___________ a) he bought his hat b) did he buy his hat c) his hat he bought d) bought he his hat e) he has his bought hat 7.- I wish __________ him more often a) us b) seeing c) us seeing d) we are seeing e) we saw f) saw g) we see 8.- They should have _________ earlier. a) begin b) began c) begun d) had begun e) have begun f) begans 9.- it’s high time you _______ a) answer b) will answer c) going to d) answered e) have answered 10.- What must be ___________ in order to get the contract ? a) doing b) to do c) done d) have done e) has done f) doing to 11.- I haven’t ___________ at a restaurant all month. a) eating b) eaten c) ate d) eat 12.- When I got home yesterday, my children __________ already finished their homework a) have b) has c) were d) was e) had 13.- Does Wonder Woman ________ to drive downtown ? a) to like b) like c) avoid d) enjoy e) likes 14.- Why didn’t you _________ in the church last Sunday? a) sing b) sang c) sung 15.- I have already __________ twenty invitations. a) writing b) written c) wrote d) write 16.- When you’re learning ___________, you have to keep on __________ a) to skate - to practice b) skate - practice c) skating - practicing d) to skate – practicing e) skate – to practice f) skating practice 17.- When I saw Ricky Martin last night, he ___________singing his songs a) was b) has been c) have been d) had to e) have to 18.- Chayanne __________ been studying French for two years before he ever spoke it a) had b) has c) was d) have e) were f) hadn’t g) haven’t 19.- I’m glad you __________ painting pictures. a) enjoy b) decided c) learned 20.- Spiderman _________ skiing since he was ten years old. a) has been b) have been c) had been d) hadn’t been 21.- He ________ a check, but he _______ sign _______ name. a) send – did – her b) send – don’t – his c) sent – did – he d) sent – didn’t – his 22.- How many languages _______ Gael Garcia ______? Do you _______? a) does – speak – know b) does – speaks – know c) do – speak - knows c) does – speaks – knows d) do – speak - know Choose the correct answer I.- I have got to take in my suit a) It’s to big b) It’s too small c) It’s too hot II.- You’re required to go to the meeting a) you might go to the meeting b) You don’t have to go to the meeting c) you have to go to the meeting III.- Liz ran up a big phone bill a) she talked on the telephone a lot b) she didn’t use her cell phone. C) the phone company gave her a phone IV.- Ms. Johnson was promoted. A) she was hired b) she was fired c) she was given a more important job V.- Parking is permitted here. A) you can’t park here b) you can park here c) you have to park here translate Heartburn ___________ nosebleeds _________ hiccups _____________ Rashes ____________ sprains ____________ yeast ____________ chocking _______ 1.- A. Is your daughter studying? B. No, she ______ a) doesn’t b) isn’t c) sleeping d) wasn’t 2.- A. What languages does your mother speak? B. She _______ English and Spanish a) speak b) speaking c) read d) speaks 3.- A. When do you see Bob and Julie? B. I see _____ every day a) them b) they’re c) her d) they 4.- A. Can you ski? B. No, _______ a) we can b) I can c) I can’t d) you can’t 5.- A. Can you go to the movies with us? B. I’m sorry. I ______ to work a) can b) have c) going d) can’t 6.- A. _______ is the meeting? B. It’s at 10:00 a) What b) Where c) Where d) When 7.- A. What’s your ______ name? B. His name is Walter a) nephew b) uncle’s c) aunt’s d) niece’s 8.- A Do your neighbors make a lot of noise? B. No, they ________ a) do b) don’t c) won’t d) doesn’t 9.- Is that ________ new car? a) Mr. Wilson b) of Mr. Wilson c) Mr. Wilsons d) Mr. Wilson’s 10.- My daughter _____ a red bicycle a) is b) has c) ride d) have 11.- Why are they ________ their apartment today? a) clean b) vacuum c) cleaned d) cleaning 12.- Bob can _______ soccer today a) playing b) play c) plays d) played 13.- _________ there a laundromat near here? a) Is b) Are c) Do d) Does 14.- When ______ to work? a) you go b) go you c) you do go d) do you go 15.- She _________ busy now. a) isn’t b) aren’t c) doesn’t d) don’t be 16.- These _______ are heavy. a) glass b) chair c) books d) box 17.- What does Frank _________ on Friday? a) does b) go c) doesn’t d) do 18.- _______ Pamela eat at that restaurant? a) Does b) Is c) When d) Where 19.- Jim and _______ brother like music very much. a) him b) he c) his d) your e) yours 20.- Please tell _______ what he want to know a) her b) she c) he d) his e) him EJERCICIO 3 : CON ESTAS FRASES HACER ORACIONES COMPLETAS. 1.- HAVE BOUGHT SOME CLOTHES 2.- HAVE READ SOME BOOKS ABOUT SPAIN 3.- HAS BEEN TO CANADIAN EMBASSY 4.- HASN’T PUT THE CAR IN A GARAGE 5.- HAVEN’T BOUGHT THEIR TICKETS 6.- HAVE GIVEN THE KEYS TO MR. JORDAN 1.- ________________________________________________________________________ 2.- __________________________________________________________________ 3.- __________________________________________________________________ 4.- __________________________________________________________________ EJERCICIO 4 : ACOMPLETA CON LAS PALABRAS HAS, HAVE, O DID 1.- _________ YOU EVER SEEN STAR WARS ? 2.- YES, I ________ 3.- _________ YOU LIKE IT ? 4.- YES, I ______ 5.- ________ JOHN FINISHED HIS HOMEWORK YET ? 6.- NO HE, _______ NOT. HE IS STILL DOING IT. 7.- _______ HE GO TO CLASS YESTERDAY ? 8.- YES, HE _______ EJERCICIO 5.- USA LAS PALABRAS HAS Y HAVE, CON LAS 3 PALABRAS DE CADA SECCION EN EL TIEMPO CORRESPONDIENTE WRITE BREAK EAT 1.- ALLEN AND DIKEMBE _______ ________ ALL THE SANDWISHES (PARTICIPIO) 2.- HE ______ TO ______ TWO LETTERS THIS EVENING (PRESENTE) 3.- I ______ _______ THE PLATE ( PARTICIPIO) READ SPEND FIND 1.- JOHN _________ _______ THE MONEY HE LOST ( PASADO) 2.- THEY ______ ___________ 10,000 ALREADY (PARTICIPIO) 3.- ______ YOU _______ THIS BOOK? ( PRESENTE) WIN TAKE SEE 1.- I _____ _______ 5 TELEVISION PROGRAMS THIS WEEK (PARTICIPIO) 2.- SHE ______ _______ HER SON TO SCHOOL ( PARTICIPIO) 3.- THEY ______ ______ A MILLION IN THE LOTTERRY ( PASADO). EJERCICIO: IN PAST TENSE A) I ________ UP AT 7:00 AM B) SHE _________ LATE C) THEY _____ WORK D) THE TEAM ______ THE CHAMPIONCHIP E) GEORGE LUCKAS ______ THE SAGA OF STAR WARS F) MICHAEL JORDAN _______ TE GREATEST PLAYER IN NBA HISTORY G) THE STUDENT ______ HOMEWORK H) THE MOVIE _____ FUN I) THALIA ________ HER ALBUN LAST NIGHT J) I _______ MY LEG K) WE _______ THE FOOD L) ANTONIO AND MELANY ______ THEIR CLOTHES Before I ______ my room. Last week the weather ____ warm, and the people _____ to work, they _____ always noisy. ______ Mary gone to the mall?, yes she _______, she _______ (NEG) bought something. Fred and Tom _______ their house yesterday ?, Fred _____ has a good book Why ______ you and Martha gone to eat?, because we ______ the train, and I don’t want to be late. when I _______ at the party, they _______ dancing. I ____ . all night and _____ a lot of food . What _____ Jane doing at the party? The food and the music _______ problems, and all my friends there _____ tequila. They _____ to go to the supermarket, but I _____ In the morning and _______ some clothes When my parents ______ having a good time my sister ______ from the police station, she ____ an accident, so the party _____ over. The Lakers ______ 14 championships and the Celtics _______ 16 championships, The Bulls ______ won 7 championships, Review Of verbs 1.- Tom ________ every day. a) Shaves b) is shaving c) has to shaves 2.- _________ go to class every day. a) Are you b) Do you have c) Do you 3.- Yoko _________ to be here tomorrow. a) will b) may c) is going d) maybe 4.- Jack _______ be in class yesterday. A) didn’t b) can’t c) couldn’t d) may not 5.- Fatima _____ to her sister on the phone yesterday a) spoke b) can speak c) speaks 7.- IT’S TOO LATE A) I’ll be glad to help you do the dishes. B) Thank you, Aunt Louise, but They have already been done A) Can I set the table for you? B) That’s very nice of you, but ____________ already _____________ A) Do you want me to iron the clothes today? B) Thanks, Aunt Louise, But ___________ already ____________ A) I’ll be glad to make Grandpa’s doctor’s appointment. B) That’s very kind of you, but ____________ already ___________ 8.- Can we leave soon? A.- Can we leave soon? B.- I think so. The mail has been stopped , and the lights __________________________ A Great B) Wait a minutes! ______________ the house alarm ______________________ A.- No, it hasn’t But don’t worry about it. I’ll do it right away B.- And now that I think of it, ______________________ The garbage ________________ A.- I’m not sure. Why don’t I go and see? 1 Group One find hear say sit tell get lose sell stick win 1 I've _____________ three umbrellas this month. Terrible! I'm so careless. 2 We _____________ home at three o'clock last night. 3 They _____________ the apartment that they had in Gandia. 4 Sorry I'm late. I was _____________ in traffic. 5 Valencia FC _____________ The King's Cup in 1999. 6 I _____________ the news about The World Trade Centre on the radio. 7 We entered the restaurant, _____________ a table and sat down. 8 Sorry. I didn't hear what you _____________ . 9 We were all a bit hot and tired so we all _____________ down on the grass. 10 He _____________ me his name but now I've forgotten it. 2 Group Two be choose see become come speak break X2 freeze steal 1 Has Beatriz _____________ back from lunch yet? 2 Mr Aznar _____________ president in 1996. 3 Have you _____________ Sarah today? 4 I've never _____________ to Caceres. 5 Rita _____________ her leg skiing. 6 What colour have you _____________ ? 7 The water hasn't _____________ . 8 Have they _____________ about it yet? 9 My purse's been _____________. 10 A friend's kid _____________ my stereo. 3 Group Three drive fall give ride take eat forget hide shake write 1 We _____________ all night to get to France. 2 My sister _____________ me a watch for Christmas. 3 I've _____________ a letter to my bank manager. 4 She _____________ the money under the mattress. 5 Have you ever _____________ a horse? 6 I _____________ too much yesterday. 7 We _____________ hands at the end of the meeting. 8 She had a headache so she _____________ an aspirin. 9 He _____________ over on the wet floor and broke his wrist. 10 Blast! We _____________ to buy milk. Lista de Verbos Compuestos Verbos a los que acompaña un adverbio (phrasal verbs) o preposición (prepositional verbs) modificando el sentido del verbo al que acompañan. ADD UP totalizar ADD UP TO alcanzar un total ANSWER BACK contestar de malos modos ANSWER FOR responder de ASK ABOUT preguntar por (un asunto) ASK AFTER preguntar por la salud ASK FOR pedir, preguntar por ASK UP TO pedir hasta (un precio) ASK BACK invitar a volver ASK DOWN invitar a bajar ASK IN invitar a entrar ASK OUT invitar a salir ASK UP invitar a subir BACK AWAY retroceder BACK OUT volver atrás BACK UP reforzar BE ABOUT estar por (un lugar) BE AWAY estar fuera BE BACK estar de vuelta BE FOR estar a favor de BE IN estar en casa BE OFF irse, estar apagado BE ON estar encendido BE OUT estar fuera BE OVER estar acabado BE UP estar levantado BEND DOWN agacharse BEND OVER inclinarse BLOW AWAY llevarse (el viento) BLOW DOWN derrumbarse por el viento BLOW OFF dejar salir (el vapor) BLOW OUT apagar (se) (una llama) BLOW UP volar (con explosivos) BREAK AWAY soltarse BREAK DOWN derruir, averiarse BREAK IN irrumpir, interrumpir BREAK OFF romper (se) (relaciones) BREAK UP terminar el curso o una relación BREAK OUT estallar (una guerra) BRING BACK devolver BRING ABOUT acarrear BRING ALONG traer (consigo) BRING DOWN derribar, rebajar BRING IN hacer entrar BRING OUT hacer salir, publicar BRING UP criar, educar BRUSH OFF quitar el polvo BURN AWAY consumirse (el fuego) BURN DOWN derrumbarse (por el fuego) BURN OUT consumirse (el fuego) BURN UP consumirse (por el fuego) BUY FOR comprar por o para BUY OVER sobornar BUY UP acaparar CALL AT Hacer una visita, hacer escala CALL AWAY Seguir llamando CALL BACK Llamar (a alguien) para que regrese CALL FOR Pedir a voces, exigir CALL IN Llamar (a alguien) para que entre CALL ON Ir a ver (a alguien) CALL OUT Gritar CALL OVER Pasar lista, enumerar CALL UP Telefonear CALL DOWN Llamar (a alguien) para que baje CARRY ALONG Persuadir CARRY OFF Llevarse a la fuerza CARRY ON Continuar CARRY OUT Llevar a cabo CLEAR AWAY Dispersar (se) CLEAR OFF Marcharse CLEAR OUT Marcharse CLEAR UP Aclararse (el tiempo,un misterio) CLOSE DOWN Cerrar CLOSE UP Acercarse COME ABOUT Suceder COME ACROSS Encontrarse con COME ALONG Acompañar, venir por (la calle) COME AT Embestir COME AWAY Desprenderse COME DOWN Bajar COME FOR Venir por (en busca de) COME FROM Venir de COME IN Entrar COME OFF Desprenderse COME ON ¡Vamos! (en imperativo) COME OUT Salir COME TO Ascender (una suma), volver en sí. COME UP Subir COME UP TO Acercarse a COUNT IN Incluir COUNT ON Contar con COUNT UP Calcular COUNT UP TO Contar hasta CRY FOR Pedir llorando CRY OUT Llorar a gritos CRY OVER Lamentarse CRY TO Llamar a gritos CUT DOWN Reducir gastos, talar CUT IN Interrumpir CUT OFF Separar de un tajo CUT OUT Recortar, omitir CUT THROUGH Acortar por un atajo CUT UP Trinchar, triturar DIE AWAY Cesar poco a poco DIE DOWN Apaciguarse DIE OUT Extinguirse DO UP Abrochar DO WITHOUT Pasarse sin (carecer de) DRAW AWAY Alejarse DRAW BACK Retroceder DRAW DOWN Bajar DRAW IN Economizar, encoger (se) DRAW OFF Apartarse DRAW ON Aproximarse, retirar fondos DRAW OUT Sacar, redactar, alargarse (el día) DRAW UP Para (un vehículo) DRIVE AWAY Ahuyentar, alejarse en coche DRIVE BACK Rechazar DRIVE BY Pasar en coche DRIVE IN Entrar en coche, introducir DRIVE OUT Salir en coche, expulsar DRIVE OFF Alejarse en coche, ahuyentar EAT AWAY Erosionar EAT INTO Roer EAT UP Devorar FALL DOWN Caerse FALL OFF Disminuir, desprenderse FALL OVER Tropezar FIGHT OFF Ahuyentar FIGHT ON Seguir luchando FIGHT UP Luchar valerosamente FILL IN Rellenar FILL UP Rellenar, llenar FIND OUT Averiguar FIX UP Arreglar (un asunto) FLY ABOUT Volar de un lado a otro FLY AT Atacar FLY AWAY Huir volando FLY DOWN Descender FLY OFF Desprenderse GET ABOUT Ir de acá para allá GET ALONG Hacer progreso GET AT Dar a entender GET AWAY Escaparse GET BACK Volver, recuperar GET DOWN Descender GET TO Llegar a GET IN / INTO Entrar, meterse GET OUT (OF) Salir, apearse GET OFF Apearse, bajarse GET ON Subirse, progresar GET OUT Producir, salir GET OVER Saltar por encima, recobrarse GET THROUGH Abrirse camino GET UP Levantarse GIVE AWAY Repartir, denunciar GIVE BACK Devolver GIVE OFF Despedir (humo, olor) GIVE OUT Agotarse, repartir GIVE UP Entregar, rendirse GO ABOUT Ir de un lado para otro GO ALONG Ir a lo largo de GO AT Atacar GO AWAY Marcharse GO BY Pasar por GO DOWN Bajar GO IN / INTO Entrar GO OFF Explotar, marcharse GO ON Continuar GO OUT Salir, pasarse de moda, apagarse GO OVER Repasar GO THROUGH Penetrar, sufrir GO UP Subir GO UP TO Acercarse a GO ACROSS Atravesar GO WITHOUT Pasarse sin HANG ABOUT Vagar HANG BACK Retraerse HANG BEHIND Quedarse atrás HANG FROM Colgar de HANG OFF Colgar (el teléfono) HANG UP Colgar (un cuadro) HOLD BACK Detener HOLD ON Continuar HOLD OUT Resistir HURRY ALONG Darse prisa HURRY AWAY Irse rápidamente HURRY OFF Irse rápidamente HURRY UP Darse prisa JUMP ABOUT Dar saltos JUMP AT Atacar JUMP DOWN Bajar de un salto JUMP IN Entrar de un salto JUMP ON Subir de un salto JUMP OVER Saltar por encima de KEEP AWAY Mantenerse alejado KEEP BACK Mantenerse separado KEEP DOWN Controlar KEEP OFF Abstenerse KEEP UP Mantenerse de pie, resistir KNOCK ABOUT Golpear acá y allá KNOCK AT Llamar (a la puerta) KNOCK DOWN Derribar KNOCK OUT Dejar fuera de combate LOOK AFTER Cuidar LOOK AT Mirar LOOK BEHIND Mirar atrás LOOK DOWN Mirar abajo LOOK FOR Buscar LOOK FORWARD TO Anhelar LOOK IN Mirar dentro LOOK LIKE Parecer LOOK OUT Mirar fuera LOOK OVER Mirar por encima de LOOK ROUND Mirar alrededor LOOK UP Mirar arriba, buscar MOVE AWAY Alejarse MOVE ALONG Pasar, no detenerse MOVE DOWN Bajar MOVE IN Mudarse (de domicilio) MOVE OFF Marcharse MOVE ON No detenerse, pasar a (otro asunto) MOVE OUT Mudarse (de domicilio) MOVE UP Moverse (para dejar sitio) PASS AWAY Fallecer PASS BY Pasar por (un sitio) PASS IN Entrar PASS ON Pasar (de mano en mano) PAY FOR Pagar PAY IN Ingresar (dinero) PAY OFF Liquidar (una cuenta), pagar PAY UP Pagar (una deuda) POINT AT Señalar POINT AWAY Señalar a lo lejos POINT TO Señalar POINT DOWN Señalar abajo POINT OUT Destacar POINT UP Señalar arriba PULL AWAY Arrancar PULL DOWN Derribar PULL OFF Arrancar PULL OUT Sacar PULL UP Parar (un vehículo) PUT AWAY Poner a un lado PUT BACK Poner en su sitio PUT DOWN Anotar, bajar (algo) PUT IN Meter, instalar PUT OFF Posponer PUT ON Ponerse (una prenda) PUT OUT Apagar, sacar PUT UP Subir (algo), alojarse PUT UP WITH Soportar RUN ABOUT Correr de acá para allá RUN ACROSS Encontrarse con, atravesar corriendo RUN DOWN Pararse (un reloj), enfermar RUN IN Entrar corriendo RUN OFF Escapar corriendo RUN OUT Salir corriendo RUN OVER Atropellar RUN UP Subir corriendo SEE ABOUT Indagar SEE OFF Despedir (a alguien) SEE TO Encargarse de SEND ALONG Despachar SEND DOWN Bajar (algo) SEND FOR Enviar por SEND OFF Despachar,despedir (trabajadores) SEND ROUND Circular SEND UP Subir (algo) SET ABOUT Ponerse (a trabajar) SET DOWN Asentar, colocar SET OFF Partir (para un viaje) SHUT IN Encerrar SHUT UP Callarse, cerrar (una tienda) SIT DOWN Sentarse SIT UP Incorporarse, sentarse erguido SIT FOR Presentarse (a un examen) SPEAK FOR Hablar a favor de SPEAK TO Hablar con SPEAK UP Hablar en alta voz STAND BY Quedarse cerca STAND OFF Mantenerse alejado STAND OUT Destacar STAND UP Ponerse de pie STAY AT Hospedarse STAY BY Permanecer al lado de STAY IN Quedarse en casa STAY OUT Quedarse fuera de casa STEP ACROSS Atravesar STEP DOWN Bajar STEP IN Entrar STEP OUT Salir STEP UP Subir STEP UP TO Acercarse a (alguien) STOP BY Quedarse al lado de STOP IN Quedarse en casa STOP UP Empastar (una muela), tapar (una botella) TAKE DOWN Escribir al dictado, bajar (algo) TAKE FOR Tomar por (equivocarse) TAKE IN Engañar, meter TAKE OFF Quitarse (una prenda), despegar TAKE OUT Sacar, quitar TAKE TO Llevar a TAKE UP Subir (algo) TALK ABOUT Hablar acerca de TALK OF Hablar de TALK TO Hablar con TEAR AWAY Quitar (rasgando) TEAR OFF Separar (rasgando) TEAR UP Hacer pedazos (rasgando) THROW AWAY Tirar (algo inservible) THROW BACK Devolver THROW DOWN Tirar hacia abajo THROW IN Tirar hacia adentro THROW OFF Echar fuera THROW OUT Arrojar THROW UP Tirar hacia arriba TRY ON Probarse una prenda TURN AWAY Mirar a otro lado TURN BACK Darse la vuelta TURN DOWN Poner boca abajo TURN OFF Apagar (la luz), cerrar (una llave) TURN ON Encender (la luz), abrir (una llave) TURN OUT Apagar TURN OVER Volcar, poner boca abajo TURN INTO Convertirse TURN UP Llegar WALK ABOUT Andar de acá para allá WALK ALONG Andar por WALK AWAY Alejarse andando WALK DOWN Bajar WALK IN Entrar WALK OFF Marcharse WALK UP Subir WORK OUT Calcular WORK UNDER Trabajar a las órdenes de WRITE DOWN Anotar 1. Where are you going next weekend? a) Sure, I'll get it. b) I'm not sure. I think we'll probably stay at home. c) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear. 2. What time will you be back at the office? a) If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime. b) I think I'll be back by 3.00 at the latest. c) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. d) Sure, I'll get it. 3. Where do you think we'll do best with this new product? a) I imagine we'll have a lot of success with this in Germany. b) Sure, I'll get it. c) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear. 4. My car's broken down. Can you help? a) If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime. b) Sure. I'll give you a lift. c) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear. 5. Do you know if you've got the job? a) Sure. I'll give you a lift. b) I'll possibly find out later today. c) If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime. d) I think I'll be back by 3.00 at the latest. 6. Could somebody answer the phone? a) Sure. I'll give you a lift. b) If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime. c) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. d) Sure, I'll get it. 7. Why are you building that baseball pitch, Kevin? a) A voice told me, "If you build it, they will come." b) If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime. c) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear. 8. What time will they arrive? a) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. b) If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime. c) I'll possibly find out later today. d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear. 9. You look shattered. a) Sure. I'll give you a lift. b) Yes. I think I'll go to bed. c) I'll possibly find out later today. d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear. 10. I'm not happy with the work Michael has been producing. a) Sure. I'll give you a lift. b) I think I'll be back by 3.00 at the latest. c) I'll possibly find out later today. d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear. 1. If I get this new job, a) she won't be very happy. b) I'll buy you some champagne. c) we'll ask him what he thinks. d) they won't be very happy. 2. If England win the World Cup, a) I'll take the rest of the week off. b) they won't be very happy. c) I'll be very surprised. d) I won't go either. 3. If Tony Blair continues the way he has started, a) she won't be very happy. b) they won't be very happy. c) we'll ask him what he thinks. d) he'll be one of the best ever Prime Ministers. 4. If the Euro does as well as expected, a) she won't be very happy. b) we'll make a lot of money. c) I'll take the rest of the week off. d) we'll ask him what he thinks. 5. When our shareholders see how badly we have done, a) we'll ask him what he thinks. b) they won't be very happy. c) she won't be very happy. d) I won't go either. 6. When the boss gets back from holiday, a) we'll ask him what he thinks. b) I won't go either. c) I'll take the rest of the week off. d) we'll make a lot of money. 7. When the boss finds out about this, a) we'll make a lot of money. b) I won't go either. c) I'll take the rest of the week off. d) she won't be very happy. 8. When I finish work tonight, a) I'll probably go and have a drink. b) I won't go either. c) I'll take the rest of the week off. d) we'll make a lot of money. 9. If you are definitely not going to the seminar, a) I won't go either. b) I'll be very surprised. c) I'll take the rest of the week off. d) we'll make a lot of money. 10. If you think it's not a problem, a) I'll buy you some champagne. b) I'll be very surprised. c) I'll take the rest of the week off. d) we'll make a lot of money. Where Are you three off to? Not yet but I've got tickets. We're going on Tuesday. Yes it's true. I'm getting married in July. We're going for a coffee. Would you like to come? He's on a trip and he doesn't get back until next week. Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. 2 When are you leaving? I'm not setting off for another hour or so. No I'm coming on the last plane tonight and then staying in the airport hotel. No, I've hurt my back. I'm looking after the kids and letting my wife play instead. I'm afraid so. Three people have taken appointments for Saturday. But I'm finishing early, at 11.00. I'm sorry I can't. I'm having dinner with Joan and Allison. 3 I'd like to place an order, please. Next Tuesday at 10.00. I'm sorry. We don't open for business until 9.00. Can you phone back then? Well the train arrives at 13.45 and then it will take about 20 minutes by taxi. The match starts at 8.00. I hope Manchester United win! Friday. If you're too tired to think, go to bed. 4 What time will you be there? It leaves at 5.00 in the morning so you'd better get up early! I'm sorry. We don't open for business until 9.00. Can you phone back then? Well the train arrives at 13.45 and then it will take about 20 minutes by taxi. I'm afraid so. Three people have taken appointments for Saturday. But I'm finishing early, at 11.00. Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. 5 Are you worried about your exams? I'm not setting off for another hour or so. No I'm coming on the last plane tonight and then staying in the airport hotel. No, I've hurt my back. I'm looking after the kids and letting my wife play instead. Yes, I'm going to Barbados for two weeks. Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. 6 What's this about your getting engaged? Not yet but I've got tickets. We're going on Tuesday. Yes it's true. I'm getting married in July. It takes 30 minutes by taxi and 45 minutes by bus. He's on a trip and he doesn't get back until next week. Friday. If you're too tired to think, go to bed. 7 What time is kick-off? It leaves at 5.00 in the morning so you'd better get up early! Yes it's true. I'm getting married in July. Well the train arrives at 13.45 and then it will take about 20 minutes by taxi. The match starts at 8.00. I hope Manchester United win! Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. 8 Are you working on Saturday? I'm not setting off for another hour or so. No I'm coming on the last plane tonight and then staying in the airport hotel. We're going for a coffee. Would you like to come? I'm afraid so. Three people have taken appointments for Saturday. But I'm finishing early, at 11.00. Four days. I'm leaving on Friday. 9 Are you catching the early flight tomorrow? I'm not setting off for another hour or so. No I'm coming on the last plane tonight and then staying in the airport hotel. We're going for a coffee. Would you like to come? I'm afraid so. Three people have taken appointments for Saturday. But I'm finishing early, at 11.00. Four days. I'm leaving on Friday. 10 How long is it from the airport to the centre of town? Next Tuesday at 10.00. It doesn't start until quite late. 9.30 I think. It takes 30 minutes by taxi and 45 minutes by bus. The match starts at 8.00. I hope Manchester United win! Friday. If you're too tired to think, go to bed. 11 What day is it tomorrow? It leaves at 5.00 in the morning so you'd better get up early! It doesn't start until quite late. 9.30 I think. Well the train arrives at 13.45 and then it will take about 20 minutes by taxi. The match starts at 8.00. I hope Manchester United win! Friday. If you're too tired to think, go to bed. 12 When does the Trade Fair open? Next Tuesday at 10.00. Yes it's true. I'm getting married in July. Well the train arrives at 13.45 and then it will take about 20 minutes by taxi. The match starts at 8.00. I hope Manchester United win! Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. 13 What time does the film begin? It leaves at 5.00 in the morning so you'd better get up early! It doesn't start until quite late. 9.30 I think. No, I've hurt my back. I'm looking after the kids and letting my wife play instead. Yes, I'm going to Barbados for two weeks. Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. 14 Is Bob there? Next Tuesday at 10.00. It doesn't start until quite late. 9.30 I think. It takes 30 minutes by taxi and 45 minutes by bus. He's on a trip and he doesn't get back until next week. Friday. If you're too tired to think, go to bed. 15 Have you seen the new play at the Criterion theatre? Not yet but I've got tickets. We're going on Tuesday. I'm sorry. We don't open for business until 9.00. Can you phone back then? It takes 30 minutes by taxi and 45 minutes by bus. He's on a trip and he doesn't get back until next week. I'm sorry I can't. I'm having dinner with Joan and Allison. 16 How long are you staying for? Not yet but I've got tickets. We're going on Tuesday. Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. We're going for a coffee. Would you like to come? I'm afraid so. Three people have taken appointments for Saturday. But I'm finishing early, at 11.00. Four days. I'm leaving on Friday. 17 What time does the bus leave? It leaves at 5.00 in the morning so you'd better get up early! Yes it's true. I'm getting married in July. No, I've hurt my back. I'm looking after the kids and letting my wife play instead. Yes, I'm going to Barbados for two weeks. Four days. I'm leaving on Friday. 18 Are you playing tennis on Saturday? Not yet but I've got tickets. We're going on Tuesday. No I'm coming on the last plane tonight and then staying in the airport hotel. No, I've hurt my back. I'm looking after the kids and letting my wife play instead. Yes, I'm going to Barbados for two weeks. Four days. I'm leaving on Friday. 19 Would you like to come to dinner this evening? Next Tuesday at 10.00. I'm sorry. We don't open for business until 9.00. Can you phone back then? It takes 30 minutes by taxi and 45 minutes by bus. He's on a trip and he doesn't get back until next week. I'm sorry I can't. I'm having dinner with Joan and Allison. 20 So you're off on holiday next week? I'm not setting off for another hour or so. Yes, I'm taking them in less than a month and I still haven't done any work. We're going for a coffee. Would you like to come? Yes, I'm going to Barbados for two weeks. I'm sorry I can't. I'm having dinner with Joan and Allison. SINCE OR FOR Since ( desde cuando) For ( por cuanto) 1. Which is correct? a) for a long period b) since a long period 2. Which is correct? a) for 6 years b) since 6 years 3. Which is correct? a) for 1992 b) since 1992 4. Which is correct? a) for 6 weeks b) since 6 weeks 5. Which is correct? a) for 8 months b) since 8 months 6. Which is correct? a) for 10 minutes b) since 10 minutes 7. Which is correct? a) for a long time b) since a long time 8. Which is correct? a) for ages b) since ages 9. Which is correct? a) for March 18 b) since March 18 10. Which is correct? a) for the end of last year b) since the end of last year 11. Which is correct? a) for I joined the firm b) since I joined the firm 12. Which is correct? a) for 10 hours b) since 10 hours 13. Which is correct? a) for 10 o' clock b) since 10 o'clock 14. Which is correct? a) for the beginning of the year b) since the beginning of the year 15. Which is correct? a) for a six month period b) since a six month period 1. I've worked here .......... I left Harvard Business School. a) for b) since c) over d) while 2. You should visit the Empire State building .......... you are in New York. a) for b) over c) during d) while 3. I looked at what you suggested .......... I was having lunch. a) for b) since c) during d) while 4. We usually have a lot of staff illness .......... the winter period. a) for b) since c) over d) while 5. Could you hold on a few minutes .......... I check this with my boss? a) for b) since c) during d) while 6. It's all been going much better .......... we reorganised the department. a) for b) since c) over d) while 7. They'll be stuck in customs awaiting clearance .......... at least three weeks. a) for b) since c) during d) while 8. It's gone much better .......... John was sacked. a) for b) since c) during d) while 9. We hope you will stay with us .......... a long time. a) for b) since c) during d) while 10. I've worked here .......... 10 years. a) for b) since c) over d) while 12. They didn't like the film.3. They worked on a farm.4. Did you work in this factory?5. Where did you live?6. I didn't like Tokyo7. Did he play the guitar?8. I didn't study French9. They hated waiting10. Did your son study here? 21. He his motorbike when he suddenly felt ill.2. We the television when it suddenly stopped working.3. When the ambulance came they him inside. 4. I to the radio when the phone rang.5. When I arrived, they hello but continued studying. 31. The report is finished.2. Angeles cannot find her keys.3. Where is Ruben?4. I have a new camera.5. She isn’t here at the moment.6. The flat is dirty.7. I don’t remember your name.8. His leg is broken.9. Carolyn has a new baby.10. The pope is dead. 41. I’ve lived in Valencia - ? -sinceforfive years.2. Angeles and I have known each other - ? -sincefor1998.3. I haven’t eaten anything - ? -sinceforbreakfast.4. My parents have been married - ? -sinceformore than fifty years. 5. Israel has been an independent country - ? -sincefor1948.6. I’ve been really busy. I haven’t been out - ? -sinceforabout two weeks.7. We haven’t seen Luis and Manoli - ? -sinceforlast Tuesday.8. Graham has had his Porsche - ? -sincefornearly a year.9. Danny has been in Michigan - ? -sincefortwo years.10. I haven’t had a good steak - ? -sinceforages. 51. Graham has had a Porsche for two years.2. Deek has been studying German since 1999.3. Luis and Craig have been working on La Mansión del Inglés since 2001.4. Cathy has been in Cuba for three weeks.5. Tom has been playing the saxophone since last March.6. Craig has been teaching English since 1991.